Related papers: Vector potential, electromagnetic induction and "p…
A general law for electromagnetic induction phenomena is derived from Lorentz force and Maxwell equation connecting electric field and time variation of magnetic field. The derivation provides with a unified mathematical treatment the…
The concept of electromotive force (emf) may be introduced in various ways in an undergraduate course of theoretical electromagnetism. The multitude of alternate expressions for the emf is often the source of confusion to the student. We…
In ZM theory the direction of time has a non-zero projection onto space and this projection corresponds to the local velocity relative to the observer. Classical trajectories can be obtained by following the local direction of time. The…
Two results support the idea that the scalar and vector potentials in the Lorenz gauge can be considered to be physical quantities: (i) they separately satisfy the properties of causality and propagation at the speed of light and not imply…
When the magnetic vector potential is expressed in terms of the magnetic field it, is found to be explicitly non-local in space. This gives support to the conclusions of Aharonov et al. in a recent comment, that the Aharonov-Bohm effect may…
Maxwell's equations and the equations governing charged particle dynamics are presented for a rotating coordinate system with the global time coordinate of an observer on the rotational axis. Special care is taken in defining the relevant…
The motion of a system of particles under electromagnetic interaction is considered. Under the assumption that the force acting on an electric charge is given by the sum of the electromagnetic fields produced by any other charged particles…
The magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect shows that charged particles may be affected by the vector potential in regions without any electric or magnetic fields [1]. The Aharonov-Bohm effect was experimentally confirmed [2-3] and has been found in…
"Physical theories of fundamental significance tend to be gauge theories. These are theories in which the physical system being dealt with is described by more variables than there are physically independent degree of freedom. The…
A solution is proposed for finding the vector potential and magnetic field of any distribution of currents with axial symmetry. In this approach, the magnetic field and the vector potential are looked for not by solving a differential…
The Lorenz electromagnetic theory of light, published two years after the Maxwell theory, starts by postulating that both scalar and vector potentials are retarded. We show that in spite of this postulate, Lorenz's theory gives a…
The discovery of Electromagnetism by Oersted (1820) started an 'extraordinary decennium' ended by the discovery of electromagnetic induction by Faraday (1831). During this decennium, in several experiments, the electromagnetic induction was…
The force exerted by an electromagnetic body on another body in relative motion, and its minimal expression, the force on moving charges or \emph{Lorentz' force} constitute the link between electromagnetism and mechanics. Expressions for…
Faraday's Law of induction is often stated as "a change in magnetic flux causes an EMF"; or, more cautiously, "a change in magnetic flux is associated with an EMF"; It is as well that the more cautious form exists, because the first…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
In Maxwell's classical theory of electrodynamics the fields are frequently expressed by potentials in order to facilitate the solution of the first order system of equations. This method obscures, however, that there exists an inconsistency…
I argue that John Norton's notions of empirical, hypothetical, and counterfactual possibility can be successfully used to analyze counterintuitive examples of physical possibility and align better with modal intuitions of practicing…
Modern undergraduate textbooks in electricity and magnetism typically focus on a force representation of electrodynamics with an emphasis on Maxwell's Equations and the Lorentz Force Law. The vector potential $\mathbf{A}$ and scalar…
As documented by textbooks, the teaching of electromagnetic induction in university and high school courses is primarily based on what Feynman labeled as the ``flux rule'', downgrading it from the status of physical law. However, Maxwell…
Gauss integral theorems for electric and magnetic fields, Faradays law of electromagnetic induction, magnetic field circulation theorem, theorems on the flux and circulation of vector potential, which are valid in curved spacetime, are…