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Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for LISA designed to suppress the otherwise overwhelming laser noise by several orders of magnitude. It is widely believed that TDI can only be applied once all phase or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-30 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Martin Staab , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Peter Wolf

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used to reduce laser noise in heterodyne interferometric measurements with unequal armlengths, a situation characteristic of space gravitational detectors such as Laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Martin Staab

The space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA relies on a form of synthetic interferometry (time-delay interferometry, or TDI) where the otherwise overwhelming laser phase noise is canceled by linear combinations of appropriately…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-28 Michele Vallisneri , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Stanislav Babak , Antoine Petiteau

We report on three numerical experiments on the implementation of Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) for LISA, performed with Synthetic LISA, a C++/Python package that we developed to simulate the LISA science process at the level of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Michele Vallisneri

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to reduce laser frequency noise by building an equal-arm interferometer via combining time-shifted raw phase measurements.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Olaf Hartwig , Martina Muratore

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a joint ESA-NASA space-mission to detect and study mHz cosmic gravitational waves. The trajectories followed by its three spacecraft result in unequal- and time-varying arms, requiring use of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 Massimo Tinto , Olaf Hartwig

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique that cancels the large laser phase fluctuations affecting the heterodyne Doppler measurements made by unequal-arm space-based gravitational wave interferometers. The space of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-26 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Dishari Malakar

Space-based gravitational-wave observatories such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) use time-shifted and time-scaled linear combinations of differential laser-phase beat signals to cancel the otherwise overwhelming laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-30 Shawn J. Mitryk , Josep Sanjuan , Guido Mueller

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Laser frequency noise enters the interferometric measurements and dominates the expected…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-22 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Marc Lilley , Antoine Petiteau , Hubert Halloin

The space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA, a NASA-ESA mission to be launched after 2012, will achieve its optimal sensitivity using Time Delay Interferometry (TDI), a LISA-specific technique needed to cancel the otherwise…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Michele Vallisneri

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. The three-spacecraft constellation forms a nearly-equilateral triangle, which experiences…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle

In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA - a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA- the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. By combining…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 S. V. Dhurandhar , K. Rajesh Nayak , J-Y. Vinet

Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev V. Dhurandhar

LISA is an upcoming ESA mission that will detect gravitational waves in space by interferometrically measuring the separation between free-falling test masses at picometer precision. To reach the desired performance, LISA will employ the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-23 Lennart Wissel , Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Martin Staab , Ewan D. Fitzsimons , Martin Hewitson , Gerhard Heinzel

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), employ synthetic Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) to cancel the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise. The phase readouts…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-11 Neil J. Cornish , Tyson Littenberg

In this work, we have built an experimental setup to simulate the clock noise transmission with two spacecrafts and two optical links, and further demonstrated the extraction of picometer level signal drowned by the large laser frequency…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-31 Mingyang Xu , Yujie Tan , Yurong Liang , Jiawen Zhi , Xiaoyang Guo , Dan Luo , Panpan Wang , Hanzhong Wu , Chenggang Shao

The future space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA will consist of a constellation of three spacecraft in a triangular constellation, connected by laser interferometers with 2.5 million-kilometer arms. Among other challenges, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-27 Quentin Baghi , James Ira Thorpe , Jacob Slutsky , John Baker

Many years of development have gone into producing instruments that meet the required noise performance of the LISA interferometric detection system. Concurrently, software simulations have been used to extensively develop the data analysis…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Reid Ferguson , Olaf Hartwig , Guido Mueller

LISA is a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA for detecting low frequency gravitational radiation in the band $10^{-5} - 1$ Hz. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 S. V. Dhurandhar

In the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the laser subsystems exhibit frequency fluctuations that introduce significant levels of noise into the measurements, surpassing the gravitational wave signal by several…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-15 Philipp Euringer , Niklas Houba , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Oliver Mandel , Francis Soualle , Walter Fichter
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