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We consider the immediate or near-term experimental opportunities offered by some scenarios that could explain the new diphoton excess at the LHC. If the excess is due to a new particle $X_s$ at 750 GeV, additional new particles are…
Many physical phenomena are modeled as stochastic searchers looking for targets. In these models, the probability that a searcher finds a particular target, its so-called hitting probability, is often of considerable interest. In this work…
Quantum backflow is usually understood as a quantum interference phenomenon where probability current of a quantum particle points in the opposite direction to particle's momentum. Here, we quantify the amount of quantum backflow for…
An interesting phenomenon that occurs in projectile motion, the "coming and going", is analyzed considering linear air resistance force. By performing both approximate and numerical analysis, it is showed how a determined critical angle and…
The relationship between a screening tests' positive predictive value, $\rho$, and its target prevalence, $\phi$, is proportional - though not linear in all but a special case. In consequence, there is a point of local extrema of curvature…
Good large sample performance is typically a minimum requirement of any model selection criterion. This article focuses on the consistency property of the Bayes factor, a commonly used model comparison tool, which has experienced a recent…
Several statistics used by physicists to declare the signal observability over the background are compared. It is shown that the frequentist method of testing a precise hypothesis allows one to estimate the power value of criteria with…
We develop a likelihood methodology which can be used to search for evidence of burst repetition in the BATSE catalog, and to study the properties of the repetition signal. We use a simplified model of burst repetition in which a number…
A method is described, which computes from an observed sample of events upper limits for production rates of particles, or, in case of appearance of a signal, the probability for an upwards fluctuation of the background. For any candidate,…
With the rapid adoption of machine learning systems in sensitive applications, there is an increasing need to make black-box models explainable. Often we want to identify an influential group of training samples in a particular test…
Bayesian evidence ratios give a very attractive way of comparing models, and being able to quote the odds on a particular model seems a very clear motivation for making a choice. Jeffreys' scale of evidence is often used in the…
Robust Bayesian analysis has been mainly devoted to detecting and measuring robustness w.r.t. the prior distribution. Many contributions in the literature aim to define suitable classes of priors which allow the computation of variations of…
Outer measures can be used for statistical inference in place of probability measures to bring flexibility in terms of model specification. The corresponding statistical procedures such as Bayesian inference, estimators or hypothesis…
Falling coffee filters are a common object of study in introductory physics laboratory classes. They are usually used to demonstrate the terminal velocity, and determine how the drag force depends on this velocity. However they can also be…
The power of a large clinical trial can be adversely affected by low recruitment, follow-up and adherence rates. External pilot trials estimate these rates and use them, via pre-specified decision rules, to determine if the definitive trial…
Model-independent searches in particle physics aim at completing our knowledge of the universe by looking for new possible particles not predicted by the current theories. Such particles, referred to as signal, are expected to behave as a…
Searching for evidence of neutrino oscillations is an important problem in particle physics. Suppose that evidence for neutrino oscillations from an LSND experiment reports a significant positive oscillation probability, but that the LSND…
{We study biasing as a physical phenomenon by analysing geometrical and clustering properties of density fields of matter and galaxies.} {Our goal is to determine the bias function using a combination of geometrical and power spectrum…
A third-order double-slit interference experiment with pseudo-thermal light source in the high-intensity limit has been performed by actually recording the intensities in three optical paths. It is shown that not only can the visibil- ity…
We investigate the measurement of the distribution of away-side jet $p_T$ as a way to probe the energy loss mechanism in heavy ion collisions, and constrain the properties of the medium created in heavy ion collisions. We define an…