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We analyze neural scaling laws in a solvable model of last-layer fine-tuning where targets have intrinsic, instance-heterogeneous difficulty. In our Latent Instance Difficulty (LID) model, each input's target variance is governed by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Noam Levi

Sometimes it is necessary to obtain a numerical integration using only discretised data. In some cases, the data contains singularities which position is known but does not coincide with a discretisation point, and the jumps in the function…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-09 Sergio Amat , Zhilin Li , Juan Ruiz-Alvarez , Concepcion Solano , Juan C. Trillo

We study the problem of factor modelling vector- and tensor-valued time series in the presence of heavy tails in the data, which produce extreme observations with non-negligible probability. We propose to combine a two-step procedure for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Matteo Barigozzi , Haeran Cho , Hyeyoung Maeng

Higher-order radiative corrections play an important role in precision studies of the electroweak and Higgs sector, as well as for the detailed understanding of large backgrounds to new physics searches. For corrections beyond the one-loop…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-08-16 Ayres Freitas

In this note we provide a quick proof that maximal truncations of oscillatory singular integrals are bounded from $L^1(\mathbb{R})$ to $L^{1,\infty}(\mathbb{R})$. The methods we use are entirely elementary, and rely only on pigeonholing and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Alex Iosevich , Ben Krause , Hamed Mousavi

We suggest a simple Gaussian mixture model for data generation that complies with Feldman's long tail theory (2020). We demonstrate that a linear classifier cannot decrease the generalization error below a certain level in the proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Arman Bolatov , Maxat Tezekbayev , Igor Melnykov , Artur Pak , Vassilina Nikoulina , Zhenisbek Assylbekov

The Sinc quadrature and the Sinc indefinite integration are approximation formulas for definite integration and indefinite integration, respectively, which can be applied on any interval by using an appropriate variable transformation.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Tomoaki Okayama

Partial differential equations (PDEs) with uncertain or random inputs have been considered in many studies of uncertainty quantification. In forward uncertainty quantification, one is interested in analyzing the stochastic response of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Philipp A. Guth , Vesa Kaarnioja

Truncating the Fourier transform averaged by means of a generalized Hausdorff operator, we approximate the adjoint to that Hausdorff operator of the given function. We find the formulas for the rate of approximation in various metrics in…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-07-31 Alberto Debernardi , Elijah Liflyand

The double exponential formula was introduced for calculating definite integrals with singular point oscillation functions and Fourier integral. The double exponential transformation is not only useful for numerical computations but it is…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-04-20 Arezoo Khatibi , Omid Khatibi

Long-tailed data is a special type of multi-class imbalanced data with a very large amount of minority/tail classes that have a very significant combined influence. Long-tailed learning aims to build high-performance models on datasets with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Chongsheng Zhang , George Almpanidis , Gaojuan Fan , Binquan Deng , Yanbo Zhang , Ji Liu , Aouaidjia Kamel , Paolo Soda , João Gama

A matching in a graph is induced if no two of its edges are joined by an edge, and finding a large induced matching is a very hard problem. Lin et al. (Approximating weighted induced matchings, Discrete Applied Mathematics 243 (2018)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Julien Baste , Maximilian Fürst , Dieter Rautenbach

Hamiltonian Truncation Effective Theory is a framework that aims to improve the results of Hamiltonian truncation in a systematic, order-by-order fashion using Effective Field Theory methodology. The result is a truncated effective…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-30 Ekrem Demiray , Kara Farnsworth , Rachel Houtz

This paper studies the quantization of heavy-tailed data in some fundamental statistical estimation problems, where the underlying distributions have bounded moments of some order. We propose to truncate and properly dither the data prior…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-27 Junren Chen , Michael K. Ng , Di Wang

This paper deals with the kernel-based approximation of a multivariate periodic function by interpolation at the points of an integration lattice -- a setting that, as pointed out by Zeng, Leung, Hickernell (MCQMC2004, 2006) and Zeng,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Vesa Kaarnioja , Yoshihito Kazashi , Frances Y. Kuo , Fabio Nobile , Ian H. Sloan

Hermite and Laguerre $\beta$-ensembles are important and well studied models in random matrix theory with special cases $\beta=1,2,4$ corresponding to eigenvalues of classical random matrix ensembles. It is well known that the largest…

Length generalization, the ability to solve problems of longer sequences than those observed during training, poses a core challenge of Transformer-based large language models (LLM). Although existing studies have predominantly focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhouqi Hua , Wenwei Zhang , Chengqi Lyu , Yuzhe Gu , Songyang Gao , Kuikun Liu , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

We consider approximation of functions of $s$ variables, where $s$ is very large or infinite, that belong to weighted anchored spaces. We study when such functions can be approximated by algorithms designed for functions with only very…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-10-11 Peter Kritzer , Friedrich Pillichshammer , G. W. Wasilkowski

In this paper, we propose an accurate finite difference method to discretize the $d$-dimensional (for $d\ge 1$) tempered integral fractional Laplacian and apply it to study the tempered effects on the solution of problems arising in various…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Siwei Duo , Yanzhi Zhang

We establish maximal concentration bounds for the iterates generated by stochastic approximation algorithms with general step sizes, where the noise has a finite-state Markovian component plus a Martingale-difference component. When the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Shubhada Agrawal , Siva Theja Maguluri , Martin Zubeldia