Related papers: Essential disks and semi-essential surfaces in 3-m…

We study the existence of incompressible embeddings of surfaces into the genus two handlebody. We show that for every compact surface with boundary, orientable or not, there is an incompressible embedding of the surface into the genus two…

Tollefson described a variant of normal surface theory for 3-manifolds, called Q-theory, where only the quadrilateral coordinates are used. Suppose $M$ is a triangulated, compact, irreducible, boundary-irreducible 3-manifold. In Q-theory,…

We give an upper bound for the number of compact essential orientable non-isotopic surfaces, with Euler characteristic at least some constant $\chi$, properly embedded in a finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifold $M$, closed or cusped. This…

Applying Morse theory, we give a standard form for a class of surfaces which includes all the properly embedded incompressible surfaces in 3-dimensional handlebodies. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition to determine the…

Motivated by classical theorems on minimal surface theory in compact hyperbolic three-manifolds, we investigate the questions of existence and deformations for least area minimal surfaces in complete noncompact hyperbolic three-manifold of…

The disk complex of a surface in a 3-manifold is used to define its {\it topological index}. Surfaces with well-defined topological index are shown to generalize well-known classes, such as incompressible, strongly irreducible, and critical…

One can embed arbitrarily many disjoint, non-parallel, non-boundary parallel, incompressible surfaces in any three manifold with at least one boundary component of genus two or greater [4]. This paper proves the contrasting, but not…

Let $\F$ be a compact surface and let $I$ be the unit interval. This paper gives a standard form for all 2-sided incompressible surfaces in the 3-manifold $\F \times I$. Since $\F \times I$ is a handlebody when $\F$ has boundary, this…

We define a laminar branched surface to be a branched surface satisfying the following conditions: (1) Its horizontal boundary is incompressible; (2) there is no monogon; (3) there is no Reeb component; (4) there is no sink disk (after…

It is natural to ask how many isotopy classes of embedded essential surfaces lie in a given 3-manifold. The first bounds on the number of such surfaces were exponential, using normal surfaces. More recently, by restricting to alternating…

For a 3-manifold M and a subsurface $X$ of the boundary of M with empty or incompressible boundary we use surgery to identify a graph whose vertices are disks with boundary in X and which is quasi-isometrically embedded in the curve graph…

In this paper, we show the existence of smoothly embedded closed minimal surfaces in infinite volume hyperbolic $3$-manifolds except some special cases.

Suppose M is a cusped finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifold and T is an ideal triangulation of M with essential edges. We show that any incompressible surface S in M that is not a virtual fiber can be isotoped into spunnormal form in T . The…

We determine which closed orientable $3$-manifolds $M$ admit a self-homeomorphism restricting to a pseudo-Anosov map on an incompressible subsurface $\Sigma$, which we call a pseudo-Anosov surface. When $M$ is irreducible, we show that the…

We prove there exists a compact embedded minimal surface in a complete finite volume hyperbolic $3$-manifold $\mathcal{N}$. We also obtain a least area, incompressible, properly embedded, finite topology, $2$-sided surface. We prove a…

The main theorem of this paper is a generalisation of well known results about Dehn surgery to the case of attaching handlebodies to a simple 3-manifold. The existence of a finite set of `exceptional' curves on the boundary of the…

We show that a pseudo-Anosov map on a boundary component of an irreducible 3-manifold has a power that partially extends to the interior if and only if its (un)stable lamination is a projective limit of meridians. The proof is through…

In this article, we prove that the commensurability class of a closed, orientable, hyperbolic 3-manifold is determined by the surface subgroups of its fundamental group. Moreover, we prove that there can be only finitely many closed,…

We prove that if S is a properly embedded incompressible surface in a compact 3-manifold M, then the fundamental group of S is separable in the fundamental group of M.

This paper is the second in a series where we attempt to give a complete description of the space of all embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a fixed (but arbitrary) closed 3-manifold. The key for understanding such surfaces is to…