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Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are widespread in critical domains, and significant damage can be caused if an attacker is able to modify the code of their programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Unfortunately, traditional techniques for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Yuqi Chen , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

The malicious applications of deep forgery, represented by face swapping, have introduced security threats such as misinformation dissemination and identity fraud. While some research has proposed the use of robust watermarking methods to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yunming Zhang , Dengpan Ye , Caiyun Xie , Long Tang , Chuanxi Chen , Ziyi Liu , Jiacheng Deng

In this work, we consider the problem of secure multi-party computation (MPC), consisting of $\Gamma$ sources, each has access to a large private matrix, $N$ processing nodes or workers, and one data collector or master. The master is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Seyed Reza Hoseini Najarkolaei , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali , Mohammad Reza Aref

Verified compilation of open modules (i.e., modules whose functionality depends on other modules) provides a foundation for end-to-end verification of modular programs ubiquitous in contemporary software. However, despite intensive…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ling Zhang , Yuting Wang , Jinhua Wu , Jérémie Koenig , Zhong Shao

The safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is vulnerable to both manual and automated jailbreak attacks, which adversarially trigger LLMs to output harmful content. However, current methods for jailbreaking LLMs, which nest entire…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Xirui Li , Ruochen Wang , Minhao Cheng , Tianyi Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

High-privilege LLM agents that autonomously process external documentation are increasingly trusted to automate tasks by reading and executing project instructions, yet they are granted terminal access, filesystem control, and outbound…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ching-Yu Kao , Xinfeng Li , Shenyu Dai , Tianze Qiu , Pengcheng Zhou , Eric Hanchen Jiang , Philip Sperl

It is shown that, in a precise sense, if there is no bound on the number of faulty processes in a system with unreliable but fair communication, Uniform Distributed Coordination (UDC) can be attained if and only if a system has perfect…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Aleta Ricciardi

In shilling attacks, an adversarial party injects a few fake user profiles into a Recommender System (RS) so that the target item can be promoted or demoted. Although much effort has been devoted to developing shilling attack methods, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Meifang Zeng , Ke Li , Bingchuan Jiang , Liujuan Cao , Hui Li

Jailbreak attacks pose a serious challenge to the safe deployment of large language models (LLMs). We introduce CCFC (Core & Core-Full-Core), a dual-track, prompt-level defense framework designed to mitigate LLMs' vulnerabilities from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jiaming Hu , Haoyu Wang , Debarghya Mukherjee , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

Object detectors are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. In contrast to classifiers, detectors possess unique characteristics, architecturally and in task execution; often operating in challenging conditions, for instance, detecting traffic…

Backdoor attacks are a kind of emergent security threat in deep learning. After being injected with a backdoor, a deep neural model will behave normally on standard inputs but give adversary-specified predictions once the input contains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yangyi Chen , Fanchao Qi , Hongcheng Gao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

A recent trojan attack on deep neural network (DNN) models is one insidious variant of data poisoning attacks. Trojan attacks exploit an effective backdoor created in a DNN model by leveraging the difficulty in interpretability of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Yansong Gao , Chang Xu , Derui Wang , Shiping Chen , Damith C. Ranasinghe , Surya Nepal

Inference optimization is a vital technique for deploying LLMs at scale. Compilation is the most widely adopted optimization technique for LLMs. While it assumes semantic equivalence between the original and compiled graphs, we first…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yifei Wang , Tianlin Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Yida Yang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Li Pan

The growing demand for highly reliable communication systems drives the research and development of algorithms that identify and correct errors during data transmission and storage. This need becomes even more critical in hard-to-access or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Andrew Rafael Fritsch , César Augusto Missio Marcon

Software verification is a tedious process that involves the analysis of multiple failed verification attempts, and adjustments of the program or specification. This is especially the case for complex requirements, e.g., regarding security…

Manipulations of return addresses on the stack are the basis for a variety of attacks on programs written in memory unsafe languages. Dual stack schemes for protecting return addresses promise an efficient and effective defense against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Philipp Zieris , Julian Horsch

This work introduces a verification framework that provides both sound and complete guarantees for data poisoning attacks during neural network training. We formulate adversarial data manipulation, model training, and test-time evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Philip Sosnin , Jodie Knapp , Fraser Kennedy , Josh Collyer , Calvin Tsay

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) facilitate decentralized computations across trust boundaries. However, ensuring complex computations with low gas fees and confidentiality remains challenging. Recent advances in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fernando Castillo , Jonathan Heiss , Sebastian Werner , Stefan Tai

Semiconductor design houses are increasingly becoming dependent on third party vendors to procure intellectual property (IP) and meet time-to-market constraints. However, these third party IPs cannot be trusted as hardware Trojans can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Adib Nahiyan , Mehdi Sadi , Rahul Vittal , Gustavo Contreras , Domenic Forte , Mark Tehranipoor

Digital services have been offered through remote systems for decades. The questions of how these systems can be built in a trustworthy manner and how their security properties can be understood are given fresh impetus by recent hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Kubilay Ahmet Küçük , Andrew Martin