Related papers: The Magnetic Sun: Reversals and Long-Term Variatio…
We explore new opportunities for solar physics that could be realized by future missions providing sustained observations from vantage points away from the Sun-Earth line. These include observations from the far side of the Sun, at high…
Helioseismology has taught us a great deal about the stratification and kinematics of the solar interior, sufficient for us to embark upon dynamical studies more detailed than have been possible before. The most sophisticated studies to…
This is a narrative of the basic theoretical ideas of axisymmetric two-dimensional solitons and of their connection to basic experiments on magnetic compounds. A shortened and edited version appeared in Physics Today.
Geomagnetic activity in each phase of the solar cycle consists of 3 parts: (1) a floor below which the geomagnetic activity cannot fall even in the absence of sunspots, related to moderate graduate commencement storms; (2) sunspot-related…
Helioseismology has allowed us to infer the rotation in the greater part of the solar interior with high precision and resolution. The results show interesting conflicts with earlier theoretical expectations, indicating that the the Sun is…
The structure of geomagnetism is very complex, and there are still some problems left in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations. Recently, the macro spin model has been suggested. This is the idea that geomagnetism is described by…
An introduction to the physics and mathematics of the expanding universe, using no more than high-school level / undergraduate mathematics. Covered are the basics of scale factor expansion, the dynamics of the expanding universe, various…
We discuss how recent advances in observations, theory and numerical simulations have allowed the stellar community to progress in its understanding of stellar convection, rotation and magnetism and to assess the degree to which the Sun and…
The solar cycle is a complex phenomenon, a comprehensive understanding of which requires the study of various tracers. Here, we consider the solar cycle as manifested in the harmonics of the solar large-scale surface magnetic field,…
In this review we give an overview about the current state-of-knowledge of the magnetic field in sunspots from an observational point of view. We start by offering a brief description of tools that are most commonly employed to infer the…
During a solar magnetic field reversal the magnetic dipole moment does not vanish, but migrates between poles, in contradiction to the predictions of mean-field dynamo theory. We try to explain this as a consequence of magnetic…
Numerical aspects of dynamos in periodic domains are discussed. Modifications of the solutions by numerically motivated alterations of the equations are being reviewed using the examples of magnetic hyperdiffusion and artificial diffusion…
We give a short introduction to the subject and review advances in understanding the basic ingredients of the mean-field dynamo theory. The discussion includes the recent analytic and numerical work in developments for the mean…
In this paper we first discuss observational evidence of longitudinal concentrations of magnetic activity in the Sun and rapidly rotating late-type stars with outer convective envelopes. Scenarios arising from the idea of rotationally…
In this chapter, we survey some recent developments in the field of geophysical inversion. We aim to provide an accessible general introduction to the breadth of current research, rather than focussing in depth on particular topics. In…
The sunspot number data during the past 400 years indicates that both the profile and the amplitude of the solar cycle have large variations. Some precursors of the solar cycle were identified aiming to predict the solar cycle. The polar…
This encyclopedia article addresses questions like the following. How does the Sun shine? Does the neutrino have a mass? Are there weak interactions beyond those described by the standard model of particle physics?
We provide a summary of the current knowledge, theoretical and experimental, of solar neutrino fluxes and of the masses and mixing angles that characterize solar neutrino oscillations. We also summarize the principal reasons for doing new…
The Sun provides the energy necessary to sustain our existence. While the Sun provides for us, it is also capable of taking away. The weather and climatic scales of solar evolution and the Sun-Earth connection are not well understood. There…
The study of the global structure of the large-scale magnetic field of the Sun is extremely important for creating a theoretical model of the dynamics of the Sun and predictions of the real situation in the helio- and geomagnetosphere. The…