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In early days of quantum theory it was believed that the results of measurements performed on two distant physical systems should be uncorrelated thus their quantum state should be separable it means described by a simple tensor product of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Marian Kupczynski

The quantum mechanics formalism introduced new revolutionary concepts challenging our everyday perceptions. Arguably, quantum entanglement, which explains correlations that cannot be reproduced classically, is the most notable of them.…

We consider quantum metrology with several copies of bipartite and multipartite quantum states. We characterize the metrological usefulness by determining how much the state outperforms separable states. We identify a large class of…

We define what it means for a state in a convex cone of states on a space of observables to be generalized-entangled relative to a subspace of the observables, in a general ordered linear spaces framework for operational theories. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Howard Barnum , Gerardo Ortiz , Rolando Somma , Lorenza Viola

Measuring entanglement is a demanding task in the field of quantum computation and quantum information theory. Recently, some authors experimentally demonstrated an embedding quantum simulator, using it to efficiently measure two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-01 Saeed Haddadi , Mohammad Bohloul

Measurements are essential for the processing and protection of information in quantum computers. They can also induce long-range entanglement between unmeasured qubits. However, when post-measurement states depend on many non-deterministic…

Entanglement-enhanced quantum metrology explores the utilization of quantum entanglement to enhance measurement precision. When particles in a probe are prepared into a quantum entangled state, they collectively accumulate information about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Jiahao Huang , Min Zhuang , Chaohong Lee

We present universal characteristics of quantum entanglement and topology through virtual entanglement modes that fluctuate into existence in subsystem measurements. For generic interacting systems and extensive conserved quantities, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Kim Pöyhönen , Ali G. Moghaddam , Teemu Ojanen

Measurements with randomly chosen settings determine many important properties of quantum states without the need for a shared reference frame or calibration. They naturally emerge in the context of quantum communication and quantum…

In quantum theory, a measurement context is defined by an orthogonal basis in a Hilbert space, where each basis vector represents a specific measurement outcome. The precise quantitative relation between two different measurement contexts…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Ming Ji , Holger F. Hofmann

We propose a method to prepare entangled states and implement quantum computation with atoms in optical cavities. The internal state of the atoms are entangled by a measurement of the phase of light transmitted through the cavity. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Anders S. Sorensen , Klaus Molmer

This article presents the basis of a theory of entanglement. We begin with a classical theory of entangled discrete measures in Section~1. Section~2 treats quantum mechanics and discusses the statistics of bounded operators on a Hilbert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-01 Stanley Gudder

We study the mathematical structure of superoperators describing quantum measurements, including the \emph{entangling measurement}--the generalization of the standard quantum measurement that results in entanglement between the measurable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Boris Grishanin , Victor Zadkov

For states in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces entanglement quantities like the entanglement of distillation can become infinite. This leads naturally to the question, whether one system in such an infinitely entangled state can serve as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Keyl , D. Schlingemann , R. F. Werner

It is shown that a state that is factorizable in the Hilbert space corresponding to some choice of degrees of freedom, becomes entangled for a different choice of degrees of freedom. Therefore, entanglement is not a special case but is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-24 A. C. de la Torre , D. Goyeneche , L. Leitao

Indeterminacy associated with probing of a quantum state is commonly expressed through spectral distances (metric) featured in the outcomes of repeated experiments. Here we express it as an effective amount (measure) of distinct outcomes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Ivan Horváth

Entanglement, which is an essential characteristic of quantum mechanics, is the key element in potential practical quantum information and quantum communication systems. However, there are many open and fundamental questions (relating to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 G. W. Ford , Yang Gao , R. F. O'Connell

Entangled physical systems are an important resource in quantum information. Some authors claim that in fact all quantum states are entangled. In this paper we show that this claim is incorrect and we discuss in operational way differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-07 Marian Kupczynski

Measurement is integral to quantum information processing and communication; it is how information encoded in the state of a system is transformed into classical signals for further use. In quantum optics, measurements are typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-13 Daniel K. L. Oi , Vaclav Potocek , John Jeffers

We propose a new approach to the problem of defining the degree of entanglement between two particles in a pure state with Hilbert spaces of arbitrary finite dimensions. The central idea is that entanglement gives rise to correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Markus A. Cirone