Related papers: A comprehensive study of shower to shower fluctuat…
Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and…
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower…
The development of a 3-dimensional simulation for Cherenkov photon emissions in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is reported in this paper. CORSIKA is the most widely used Monte-Carlo generator for the description of EAS, but it is not…
In this work the estimation of the lateral distribution function in Extensive Air showers was performed by using a system for air shower simulations which is called AIRES version 2.6 for different hadronic models like (QGSJET99, SIBYLL and…
Fluctuations of isolated and pairs of ascending steps of monoatomic height are studied in the framework of SOS models, using mainly Monte Carlo techniques. Below the roughening transistion of the surface, the profiles of long steps show the…
We review the problem of fluctuations in particle shower theory. By using a generalization of Furry equation, we find relations between the $n$--particle correlation function and the number of particles average or 1--particle correlation…
Shear flow is known to induce huge density fluctuations in otherwise clear and uniform polymer solutions. This effect is rooted in the elasticity of the entangled polymer network, and can span distances over a thousand chains wide. It has…
The simulation of particle cascades initiated in the atmosphere by ultra high energy cosmic ray particles involves the generation and propagation of a huge amount of particles. As it is unpractical to follow every particle to its end,…
To simulate the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth atmosphere requires highly complex computational resources and several statistical techniques have been developed to simplify those calculations. It is common to implement the…
Extensive air showers (EAS) are a cascade of electromagnetic radiation and ionized particles that produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of a primary cosmic ray with the atom of nucleus in the air producing a huge amount of…
We present a meta-analysis of recent muon density measurements made by eight air shower experiments which cover shower energies ranging from PeV to tens of EeV regarding the muon puzzle in extensive air showers. Some experimental analyses…
Atmospheric scattering of light emitted by an air shower not only attenuates direct fluorescence light from the shower, but also contributes to the observed shower light. So far only direct and singly-scattered Cherenkov photons have been…
The determination of the shower development in air using fluorescence yield is subject to corrections due to the angular spread of the particles in the shower. This could introduce systematic errors in the energy determination of an…
The relation of model predictions for muon content of extensive air showers (EAS) to particular properties of hadron-air interactions is discussed. Further, using a new Monte Carlo generator of cosmic ray interactions, QGSb, the relevance…
We theoretically investigate the effect of random fluctuations on the motion of elongated microswimmers near hydrodynamic transport barriers in externally-driven fluid flows. Focusing on the two-dimensional hyperbolic flow, we consider the…
I discuss the conversion of muon counts in air showers, which are observable by experiments, into mean logarithmic mass, an important variable to express the mass composition of cosmic rays. Stochastic fluctuations in the shower development…
Double-bump showers are a rare class of extensive air showers (EAS) predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. They occur when a high-energy secondary particle, the leading particle, travels significantly farther than the rest, creating a…
A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation study of cosmic ray (CR) extensive air showers (EAS) has been carried out in the energy regime of the KASCADE experiment. From the characteristics of lateral distributions of electrons and muons of simulated…
Air shower simulation programs are essential tools for the analysis of data from cosmic ray experiments and for planning the layout of new detectors. They are used to estimate the energy and mass of the primary particle. Unfortunately the…
We explore the constant intensity cut method that is widely used for the derivation of the cosmic ray energy spectrum, for comparisons of data obtained at different atmospheric depths, for measuring average shower profiles, and for…