Related papers: First Digit Distribution of Hadron Full Width
For a natural number n, let M(n) denote the maximum exponent of any prime power dividing n, and let m(n) denote the minimum exponent of any prime power dividing n. We study the second moments of these arithmetic functions and establish…
Motivated by giving a meaning to "The probability that a random integer has initial digit d", we define a URI-set as a random set E of natural integers such that each n>0 belongs to E with probability 1/n, independently of other integers.…
We revisit Minkowski's lost legacy on relativistic electromagnetism in order to resolve long-standing puzzles over the charge distribution of relativistic systems like hadrons. Hadrons are unique relativistic electromagnetic systems…
When the probability of measuring a particular value of some quantity varies inversely as a power of that value, the quantity is said to follow a power law, also known variously as Zipf's law or the Pareto distribution. Power laws appear…
There are two fair ways to distribute particles in boxes. The first way is to divide the particles equally between the boxes. The second way, which is calculated here, is to score fairly the particles between the boxes. The obtained power…
The chronicle of prime numbers travel back thousands of years in human history. Not only the traits of prime numbers have surprised people, but also all those endeavors made for ages to find a pattern in the appearance of prime numbers has…
This article presents a modern deterministic framework for the study of leading significant digit distributions in numerical data. Rather than relying on traditional probabilistic or mixture-based explanations, we demonstrate that the…
A shape of statistical momentum distribution of hadrons produced in high energy particle collisions closely resembles one observed for a broad variety of phenomena in nature. An attempt was made to understand a genesis of this distribution…
The matter density distribution inside a hadron is evaluated using gauge-invariant correlation functions within the quenched and the unquenched theory. Comparison with the charge density distribution suggests that hadron deformation is a…
The half width rule provides a way to consider 1/Nc corrections to hadronic models containing resonances. Consequences of such ideas for hadron form factors and Regge trajectories are explored, with special emphasis on the possibility to…
We demonstrate that large texts, representing human (English, Russian, Ukrainian) and artificial (C++, Java) languages, display quantitative patterns characterized by the Benford-like and Zipf laws. The frequency of a word following the…
We establish a coboundary condition for a sequence of ergodic sums (i.e.~Birkhoff partial sums) to be almost surely uniformly distributed mod $1$. Applications are given when the sequence is generated by a Gibbs-Markov map. In particular,…
For the first time, we introduce "Scaling invariable Benford distance" and "Benford cyclic graph", which can be used to analyze any data set. Using the quantity and the graph, we analyze some date sets with common distributions, such as…
The frequencies at which individual words occur across languages follow power law distributions, a pattern of findings known as Zipf's law. A vast literature argues over whether this serves to optimize the efficiency of human communication,…
A preliminary determination of the first moment of the hadronic mass distribution <(M_X)^2 - bar{m_D}^2> in semileptonic B decays has been obtained as a function of the minimum lepton momentum, ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 GeV/c. The measurement…
Laplace's first law of errors, which states that the frequency of an error can be represented as an exponential function of the error magnitude, was overlooked for many decades but was recently shown to describe the statistical behavior of…
We analyze, in a fully model-independent manner, the effects of new physics on a few semi-hadronic three-body meson decays of the type $P_i \to P_f f_1 f_2$, where $P_i$, $P_f$ are well chosen pseudo-scalar mesons and $f_{1,2}$ denote…
Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \lambda_f(n)e^{2\pi i n z}\in S_{k}^{new}(\Gamma_0(N))$ be a normalized Hecke eigenform of even weight $k\geq2$ on $\Gamma_0(N)$ without complex multiplication. Let $\mathbb{P}$ denote the set of all primes. We…
By defining the dimension of natural numbers as the number of prime factors, all natural numbers smaller than 2^(n+1) (n is a natural number) can be classified by their dimensions, and the count of numbers of each dimension gives a…
Let $S_{a,b}$ denote the sequence of leading digits of $a^n$ in base $b$. It is well known that if $a$ is not a rational power of $b$, then the sequence $S_{a,b}$ satisfies Benford's Law; that is, digit $d$ occurs in $S_{a,b}$ with…