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Observations of very early multi-wavelength afterglows are critical to reveal the properties of the radiating fireball and its environment as well as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We report our optical observations of GRB…

Most long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit afterglows broadly consistent with external forward-shock emission, typically described by smooth broken power-law decays in the multiband light curve. However, a minority of well-sampled GRBs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-10 D. Akl , S. Antier , H. Koehn , P. T. H. Pang , J. J. Geng , R. Gill , E. Abdikamalov , C. Adami , V. Aivazyan , L. Almeida , S. Alshamsi , C. Andrade , Q. André , C. Angulo-Valdez , J. -L. Atteia , K. Barkaoui , S. Basa , R. L. Becerra , P. Bendjoya , D. Berdikhan , E. Bernaud , S. Boissier , S. Brunier , A. Y. Burdanov , N. R. Butler , J. Chen , F. Colas , W. Corradi , M. W. Coughlin , D. Darson , T. Dietrich , D. Dornic , C. Douzet , C. Dubois , J. -G. Ducoin , T. du Laz , A. Durroux , D. Dutton , P. -A. Duverne , F. Dux , E. G. Elhosseiny , A. Esamdin , A. V. Filippenko , F. Fortin , M. Freeberg , L. García-García , M. Gillon , N. Globus , P. Gokuldass , N. Guessoum , P. Hello , R. Hellot , Y. H. M. Hendy , Y. L. Hua , T. Hussenot-Desenonges , R. Inasaridze , A. Iskandar , M. Jelínek , S. Karpov , A. Klotz , N. Kochiashvili , T. Laskar , A. Le Calloch , W. H. Lee , S. Leonini , X. Y. Li , A. Lien , C. Limonta , J. Liu , D. López-Cámara , F. Magnani , J. Mao , M. Mašek , E. Moreno Méndez , L. C. Menegazzi , W. Mercier , B. M. Mihov , M. Molham , S. Oates , M. Odeh , H. Peng , M. Pereyra , M. Pillas , T. Pradier , N. A. Rakotondrainibe , D. Reichart , J. -P. Rivet , F. D. Romanov , F. Sánchez-Álvarez , N. Sasaki , D. Schlekat , B. Schneider , A. Simon , L. Slavcheva-Mihova , R. Strausbaugh , T. R. Sun , A. Takey , M. Tanasan , D. Turpin , A. de Ugarte Postigo , L. T. Wang , X. F. Wang , Z. M. Wang , A. M. Watson , J. de Wit , Y. S. Yan , W. Zheng , S. Zúñiga-Fernández

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission originating from the interaction between a relativistic blast wave and the external medium surrounding the GRB progenitor. We introduce a code to reconstruct…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-06-25 H. J. van Eerten , R. A. M. J. Wijers

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to occur in environments where the surrounding medium is either a uniform interstellar medium (ISM) or, in some cases, a dense stellar wind from a massive progenitor. Recently, GRB 191019A has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-10 Xiao-Hong Zhao

We investigate the expected radio emission from the reverse shock of short GRBs, using the afterglow parameters derived from the observed short GRB light curves. In light of recent results suggesting that in some cases the radio afterglow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-06 Nicole M. Lloyd-Ronning

We revisit the physical origin of the achromatic peaks and breaks observed several thousand seconds after the burst in the multi-wavelength afterglows of XRF 080330 and GRB 080710. Using a numerical afterglow model that consistently…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-13 Kaori Obayashi , Ryo Yamazaki , Yo Kusafuka , Katsuaki Asano

Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) afterglows arise from the interaction of relativistic ejecta with the circumburst medium and are observed across the electromagnetic spectrum. Afterglow polarisation is expected at early and late phases depending on…

GRB 020410 is by far the longest gamma-ray burst (with a duration of about 1600 s) to have been followed up from the X-ray through the radio regime. Afterglow emission was detected in X-rays and at optical wavelengths while no emission was…

Achromatic breaks in afterglow light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) arise naturally if the product of the jet's Lorentz factor \gamma and opening angle \Theta_j satisfies (\gamma \Theta_j) >> 1 at the onset of the afterglow phase, i.e.,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-03-28 Alexander Tchekhovskoy , Ramesh Narayan , Jonathan C. McKinney

Understanding the origin and diversity of emission processes responsible for Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) remains a pressing challenge. While prompt and contemporaneous panchromatic observations have the potential to test predictions of the…

The energy requirements of gamma ray bursts have in past been poorly constrained because of three major uncertainties: The distances to bursts, the degree of burst beaming, and the efficiency of gamma ray production. The first of these has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 James E. Rhoads

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powered by ultra-relativistic jets. The launching sites of these jets are surrounded by dense media, which the jets must cross before they can accelerate and release the high energy emission. Interaction with the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-22 Gal Birenbaum , Ramandeep Gill , Omer Bromberg , Paz Beniamini , Jonathan Granot

The detection of an afterglow, following a gamma-ray burst (GRB), can be described reasonably well by synchrotron emission from a relativistic spherical expanding blast wave, driven by an expanding fireball. We perform detailed calculations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-17 Jonathan Granot , Tsvi Piran , Re'em Sari

Despite the pre-Swift expectation that bright optical flashes from reverse shocks would be prevalent in early-time afterglow emission, rapid response observations show this not to be the case. Although very bright at early times, some GRBs…

We present an analytical approach to calculate the hydrodynamics of the interaction between a relativistic ejecta and a surrounding medium, whose evolution serves as a model for Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows. We investigate the effect of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 A. Panaitescu , P. Meszaros , M. J. Rees

We study the morphology of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows viewed off-axis using a simplified analytical model. We consider steep jets, which are expected to be the most common type. These jets, characterized by steep lateral gradients in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-18 Ernazar Abdikamalov , Paz Beniamini

We present an analysis of the unusual optical light curve of the gamma-ray burst GRB 081029, a long-soft burst with a redshift of z = 3.8479. We combine X-ray and optical observations from the Swift X-Ray Telescope and the Swift…

Energy injection into the external shock system that generates the afterglow to a gamma-ray burst (GRB) can result in a re-brightening of the emission. Here we investigate the off-axis view of a re-brightened refreshed shock afterglow. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-26 Gavin P. Lamb , Andrew J. Levan , Nial R. Tanvir

The deaths of massive stars are sometimes accompanied by the launch of highly relativistic and collimated jets. If the jet is pointed towards Earth, we observe a "prompt" gamma-ray burst due to internal shocks or magnetic reconnection…

If gamma ray bursts are highly collimated, radiating into only a small fraction of the sky, the energy requirements of each event may be reduced by several (up to 4 - 6) orders of magnitude, and the event rate increased correspondingly. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 James E. Rhoads