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We elaborate a theory for the modeling of concepts using the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics. Concepts are represented by vectors in the complex Hilbert space of quantum mechanics and membership weights of items are modeled by…

General Physics · Physics 2012-03-28 Diederik Aerts

The sure thing principle and the law of total probability are basic laws in classic probability theory. A disjunction fallacy leads to the violation of these two classical probability laws. In this paper, a new quantum dynamic belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Zichang He , Wen Jiang

A large number of studies in cognitive science have revealed that probabilistic outcomes of certain human decisions do not agree with the axioms of classical probability theory. The field of Quantum Cognition provides an alternative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Sagar Uprety , Prayag Tiwari , Shahram Dehdashti , Lauren Fell , Dawei Song , Peter Bruza , Massimo Melucci

Recently the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, especially methods of quantum probability theory, started to be widely used in a variety of applications outside of physics, e.g., cognition and psychology as well as economy and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-18 Irina Basieva , Andrei Khrennikov

No physical measurement can be performed with infinite precision. This leaves a loophole in the standard no-go arguments against non-contextual hidden variables. All such arguments rely on choosing special sets of quantum-mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Rob Clifton , Adrian Kent

Efforts to construct deeper, realistic, level of physical description, in which individual systems have, like in classical physics, preexisting properties revealed by measurements are known as hidden-variable programs. Demonstrations that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-15 Caslav Brukner , Marek Zukowski

Experiments in cognitive science and decision theory show that the ways in which people combine concepts and make decisions cannot be described by classical logic and probability theory. This has serious implications for applied disciplines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-08 Diederik Aerts , Liane Gabora , Sandro Sozzo , Tomas Veloz

Various effects in human cognition, often considered `non-classical', have been argued to be most naturally modelled by quantum-like models of decision making. We extend this approach to describe models of cognition and decision-making in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-13 Sean Tull , Masanao Ozawa

A recent paper by two of us and co-workers, based on an extended Wigner's friend scenario, demonstrated that certain empirical correlations predicted by quantum theory (QT) violate inequalities derived from a set of metaphysical assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Howard M. Wiseman , Eric G. Cavalcanti , Eleanor G. Rieffel

This paper builds on no-go theorems to the effect that quantum theory is inconsistent with observations being absolute; that is, unique and non-relative. Unlike the existing no-go results, the one introduced here is based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-09 Nick Ormrod , Jonathan Barrett

One of the most complex systems is the human brain whose formalized functioning is characterized by decision theory. We present a "Quantum Decision Theory" of decision making, based on the mathematical theory of separable Hilbert spaces.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-10-29 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

Probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian Networks are one of the most powerful structures known by the Computer Science community for deriving probabilistic inferences. However, modern cognitive psychology has revealed that human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-01 Catarina Moreira , Andreas Wichert

The mathematical formalism of quantum theory exhibits significant effectiveness when applied to cognitive phenomena that have resisted traditional (set theoretical) modeling. Relying on a decade of research on the operational foundations of…

General relativity required the abandonment of Euclidean geometry. Here we show that quantum theory requires the abandonment of classical logic. We show that the Hilbert space representation of quantum theory is logically inevitable. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Lars M. Johansen

I argue that our judgements regarding the locally causal models which are compatible with a given quantum no-go theorem implicitly depend, in part, on the context of inquiry. It follows from this that certain no-go theorems, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-20 Michael E. Cuffaro

We present a no-go result for postselection measurements where the conditional expectation value of a joint system-device observable under postselection is nothing else than the conventional expectation value. Such a no-go result relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Le Bin Ho

Wigner's Friend-type paradoxes challenge the assumption that events are absolute -- that when we measure a system, we obtain a single result, which is not relative to anything or anyone else. These paradoxes highlight the tension between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Sumit Mukherjee , Jonte R. Hance

The notion of measurements is central for many debates in quantum mechanics. One critical point is whether a measurement can be regarded as an absolute event, giving the same result for any observer in an irreversible manner. Using ideas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-20 Zhen-Peng Xu , Jonathan Steinberg , H. Chau Nguyen , Otfried Gühne

The transition from classical to quantum mechanics rests on the recognition that the structure of information is not what we thought it was: there are operational, i.e., phenomenal, probabilistic correlations that lie outside the polytope…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Jeffrey Bub

In the area of the foundations of quantum mechanics a true industry appears to have developed in the last decades, with the aim of proving as many results as possible concerning what there cannot be in the quantum realm. In principle, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-23 Federico Laudisa