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The interactions between three or more random variables are often nontrivial, poorly understood, and yet, are paramount for future advances in fields such as network information theory, neuroscience, genetics and many others. In this work,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Fernando Rosas , Vasilis Ntranos , Christopher J. Ellison , Sofie Pollin , Marian Verhelst

We consider the "partial information decomposition" (PID) problem, which aims to decompose the information that a set of source random variables provide about a target random variable into separate redundant, synergistic, union, and unique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky

We lay a comprehensive foundation for the study of redundant information storage in decoherence processes. Redundancy has been proposed as a prerequisite for objectivity, the defining property of classical objects. We consider two ensembles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Robin Blume-Kohout , W. H. Zurek

Information decompositions quantify how the Shannon information about a given random variable is distributed among several other random variables. Various requirements have been proposed that such a decomposition should satisfy, leading to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Johannes Rauh , Pradeep Kr. Banerjee , Eckehard Olbrich , Guido Montúfar , Jürgen Jost

Notwithstanding various attempts to construct a Partial Information Decomposition (PID) for multiple variables by defining synergistic, redundant, and unique information, there is no consensus on how one ought to precisely define either of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-06-07 Steven J. van Enk

We take a closer look at the structure of bivariate dependency induced by a pair of predictor random variables $(X_1, X_2)$ trying to synergistically, redundantly or uniquely encode a target random variable $Y$. We evaluate a recently…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Pradeep Kr. Banerjee

Partial Information Decomposition (PID) represents multivariate mutual information via antichain-lattice that aims to specify which source groups can recover which informational components of a target. For three or more sources, widely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Aobo Lyu , Andrew Clark , Netanel Raviv

The information that two random variables $Y$, $Z$ contain about a third random variable $X$ can have aspects of shared information (contained in both $Y$ and $Z$), of complementary information (only available from $(Y,Z)$ together) and of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Johannes Rauh , Nils Bertschinger , Eckehard Olbrich , Jürgen Jost

Obtaining meaningful quantitative descriptions of the statistical dependence within multivariate systems is a difficult open problem. Recently, the Partial Information Decomposition (PID) was proposed to decompose mutual information (MI)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Robin A. A. Ince

Describing statistical dependencies is foundational to empirical scientific research. For uncovering intricate and possibly non-linear dependencies between a single target variable and several source variables within a system, a principled…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-28 David A. Ehrlich , Kyle Schick-Poland , Abdullah Makkeh , Felix Lanfermann , Patricia Wollstadt , Michael Wibral

Mutual information among three or more dimensions (mu-star = - Q) has been considered as interaction information. However, Krippendorff (2009a, 2009b) has shown that this measure cannot be interpreted as a unique property of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-01-08 Loet Leydesdorff

The study of inter-human communication requires a more complex framework than Shannon's (1948) mathematical theory of communication because "information" is defined in the latter case as meaningless uncertainty. Assuming that meaning cannot…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2013-03-15 Loet Leydesdorff , Inga A. Ivanova

Distributed computation in artificial life and complex systems is often described in terms of component operations on information: information storage, transfer and modification. Information modification remains poorly described however,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-10 Joseph T. Lizier , Benjamin Flecker , Paul L. Williams

Despite the wide usage of information as a concept in science, we have yet to develop a clear & concise scientific definition. This paper is aimed at laying the foundations for a new theory concerning the mechanics of information alongside…

General Physics · Physics 2017-07-13 Kiyam Lin , SongLing Lin

This paper considers the problem of defining a measure of redundant information that quantifies how much common information two or more random variables specify about a target random variable. We discussed desired properties of such a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Virgil Griffith , Tracey Ho

While mutual information effectively quantifies dependence between two variables, it does not by itself reveal the complex, fine-grained interactions among variables, i.e., how multiple sources contribute redundantly, uniquely, or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Aobo Lyu , Andrew Clark , Netanel Raviv

Interaction information is one of the multivariate generalizations of mutual information, which expresses the amount information shared among a set of variables, beyond the information, which is shared in any proper subset of those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-01 AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash

Understanding how different information sources together transmit information is crucial in many domains. For example, understanding the neural code requires characterizing how different neurons contribute unique, redundant, or synergistic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-04 Daniel Chicharro , Giuseppe Pica , Stefano Panzeri

Since its introduction in 2011, the partial information decomposition (PID) has triggered an explosion of interest in the field of multivariate information theory and the study of emergent, higher-order ("synergistic") interactions in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Thomas F. Varley

Multivariate information decompositions hold promise to yield insight into complex systems, and stand out for their ability to identify synergistic phenomena. However, the adoption of these approaches has been hindered by there being…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Fernando Rosas , Pedro Mediano , Borzoo Rassouli , Adam Barrett