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We review the production of gravitational waves by an electroweak first order phase transition. The resulting signal is a good candidate for detection at next-generation gravitational wave detectors, such as LISA. Detection of such a source…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-28 David J. Weir

Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions are a promising probe of physics beyond the Standard Model, as many extensions of the standard model result in first-order phase transitions in the early universe, from which the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Mika Mäki

We study the envelope approximation and its applicability to first-order phase transitions in the early universe. We demonstrate that the power laws seen in previous studies exist independently of the nucleation rate. We also compare the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-16 David J. Weir

We calculate the gravitational wave spectrum generated by sound waves during a cosmological phase transition, incorporating several advancements beyond the current state-of-the-art. Rather than relying on the bag model or similar…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-24 Chi Tian , Xiao Wang , Csaba Balázs

We place constraints on the normalized energy density in gravitational waves from first-order strong phase transitions using data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's first, second and third observing runs. First, adopting a broken power law…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-21 Alba Romero , Katarina Martinovic , Thomas A. Callister , Huai-Ke Guo , Mario Martínez , Mairi Sakellariadou , Feng-Wei Yang , Yue Zhao

The gravitational waves (GW) background generated in a double inflationary model, with two scalar fields mutually interacting through gravity only, and its relative contribution $T/S$ to large-angle temperature fluctuations of the relic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 David Polarski , Alexei A. Starobinsky

The initial conditions on the anisotropies of the stochastic gravitational-wave background of cosmological origin (CGWB) largely depend on the mechanism that generates the gravitational waves. Since the CGWB is expected to be non-thermal,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-15 Lorenzo Valbusa Dall'Armi , Alina Mierna , Sabino Matarrese , Angelo Ricciardone

The problem of cosmological production of gravitational waves is discussed in the framework of an expanding, spatially homogeneous and isotropic FRW type Universe with time-evolving vacuum energy density. The gravitational wave equation is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-10 D. A. Tamayo , J. A. S. Lima , D. F. A. Bessada

Cosmological first-order phase transitions are a well-motivated source of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs), but most predictions are made based on the highly idealized model of perfectly spherical vacuum bubbles, neglecting thermal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-23 Ligong Bian , Guangshang Chen , Song Li , Hongxin Wang , Yang Xiao , Jin Min Yang , Yang Zhang

We investigate the generation of gravitational waves due to the gravitational instability of primordial density perturbations in an early matter-dominated era which could be detectable by experiments such as LIGO and LISA. We use…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-15 Hooshyar Assadullahi , David Wands

First-order phase transitions are a source of stochastic gravitational radiation. Precision calculations of the gravitational waves emitted during these processes, sourced by both the degrees of freedom undergoing the transition and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-30 John T. Giblin , James B. Mertens

The spectrum of the gravitational wave background originating from quantum fluctuations during inflation is calculated numerically for various inflation models over a wide range of frequencies. We take into account four ingredients : the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-04 Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Takeshi Chiba , Naoshi Sugiyama

It is believed that first-order phase transitions at or around the GUT scale will produce high-frequency gravitational radiation. This radiation is a consequence of the collisions and coalescence of multiple bubbles during the transition.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-04 Hillary L. Child , John T. Giblin

We study the possibility that particle production during inflation could source observable gravity waves on scales relevant for Cosmic Microwave Background experiments. A crucial constraint on such scenarios arises because particle…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Neil Barnaby , Jordan Moxon , Ryo Namba , Marco Peloso , Gary Shiu , Peng Zhou

Inflationary cosmology is successful in explaining a number of outstanding cosmological issues including the flatness, the horizon and the relic issues. More spectacular is the experimental confirmation of the structure as arose from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-02-17 Wei-Tou Ni

Assuming that the early universe had (i) a description using perturbative string theory and its field theory limit (ii) an epoch of slow-roll inflation within a four-dimensional effective field theory and a hierarchy of scales $M_{inf} <…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-15 Susha L. Parameswaran , Ivonne Zavala

We study the spectrum of gravitational waves produced by a first order phase transition in a hidden sector that is colder than the visible sector. In this scenario, bubbles of the hidden sector vacuum can be nucleated through either thermal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-10-29 Malcolm Fairbairn , Edward Hardy , Alastair Wickens

Relying only on the standard model of elementary particles and gravity, we study the details of a new source of gravitational waves whose origin is in quantum physics. Namely, it is well known that massless fields in curved backgrounds…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 De-Chang Dai , Dejan Stojkovic

It is widely believed that the standard model is a low energy effective theory which may have higher dimensional non-renormalizable operators. The existence of these new operators can lead to interesting dynamics for the evolution of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-02-01 Robert Poltis

We study the gravitational radiation produced by the collisions of bubble walls or thin fluid shells in cosmological phase transitions. Using the so-called envelope approximation, we obtain analytically the asymptotic behavior of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Ariel Megevand , Agustin Membiela