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This paper presents an experimental study on the application of quaternions in several machine learning algorithms. Quaternion is a mathematical representation of rotation in three-dimensional space, which can be used to represent complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Tianlei Zhu , Renzhe Zhu

For certain real quadratic number fields, we prove density results concerning 4-ranks of tame kernels. We also discuss a relationship between 4-ranks of tame kernels and 4-class ranks of narrow ideal class groups. Additionally, we give a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Robert Osburn

We introduce a notion of $R$-quadratic maps between modules over a commutative ring $R$ which generalizes several classical notions arising in linear algebra and group theory. On a given module $M$ such maps are represented by $R$-linear…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2011-07-12 H. Gaudier , M. Hartl

Linear algebra is usually defined over a field such as the reals or complex numbers. It is possible to extend this to skew fields such as the quaternions. However, to the authors' knowledge there is no commonly accepted notation of linear…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-03-21 Dominik Schulz , Reiner S. Thomä

We use computational linear algebra and commutative algebra to study spaces of relations satisfied by quadrilinear operations. The relations are analogues of associativity in the sense that they are quadratic (every term involves two…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-08-01 Murray R. Bremner , Juana Sánchez-Ortega

Algorithms for embedding certain types of nilpotent subalgebras in maximal subalgebras of the same type are developed, using methods of real algebraic groups. These algorithms are applied to determine non-conjugate subalgebras of the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-09 Sajid Ali , Hassan Azad , Indranil Biswas , Ryad Ghanam , Tahir Mustafa

We discuss multiplicative properties of the binary quadratic form $a x^2 + b x y + c y^2$ by considering a ring of matrices which is closed under a triple product. We prove that the ring forms a ternary algebra in the sense of Hestenes, and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-02 Edray Herber Goins

We consider Clifford algebras over the field of real or complex numbers as a quotient algebra without fixed basis. We present classification of Clifford algebra elements based on the notion of quaternion type. This classification allows us…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-09-13 D. S. Shirokov

We provide an algorithm that, given any order $O$ in a quaternion algebra over a global field, computes representatives of all right equivalence classes of right $O$-ideals, including the non-invertible ones. The theory is developed for a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-28 Stefano Marseglia , Harry Smit

We describe the set of maximal orders in a 2-by-2 matrix algebra over a non-commutative local division algebra B containing a given suborder, for certain important families of such suborders, including rings of integers of division…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Manuel Arenas , Luis Arenas-Carmona

In this paper we study of *-representations for polynomial algebras on quantum matrix spaces. We deal with two special cases of the polynomial algebras, namely the algebra of polynomials on quantum complex matrices $\mathrm{Mat_2}$ and on…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2012-11-21 Olga Bershtein

We investigate sums of exceptional units in a quaternion ring $H(R)$ over a finite commutative ring $R$. We prove that in order to find the number of representations of an element in $H(R)$ as a sum of $k$ exceptional units for some integer…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-06-06 Hassan Cheraghpour , David Dolžan

We provide algorithms to count and enumerate representatives of the (right) ideal classes of an Eichler order in a quaternion algebra defined over a number field. We analyze the run time of these algorithms and consider several related…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-19 Markus Kirschmer , John Voight

In this paper, we give the complete structures of the equivalence canonical form of four matrices over an arbitrary division ring. As applications, we derive some practical necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability to some…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-02-03 Zhuo-Heng He , Qing-Wen Wang , Yang Zhang

We introduce the notions of a commutative square ring $R$ and of a quadratic map between modules over $R$, called $R$-quadratic map. This notion generalizes various notions of quadratic maps between algebraic objects in the literature. We…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-01-19 Henri Gaudier , Manfred Hartl

In this work, we move beyond the traditional complex-valued representations, introducing more expressive hypercomplex representations to model entities and relations for knowledge graph embeddings. More specifically, quaternion embeddings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Shuai Zhang , Yi Tay , Lina Yao , Qi Liu

Quaternions, split quaternions, and hybrid numbers are very well-known number systems. These number systems are used to make geometry in Euclidean and Lorentz spaces. These number systems can be obtained with the help of a quadratic form.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-04-12 İskender Öztürk

Let B be an undefined quaternion algebra over Q. Following the explicit chacterization of some Eichler orders in B given by Hashimoto, we define explicit embeddings of these orders in some local rings of matrices; we describe the two…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-01-16 Miriam Ciavarella , Lea Terracini

In this expositional paper, we discuss commutative algebra -- a study inspired by the properties of integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. In particular, we investigate rings and ideals, and their various properties. After, we…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Marc Maliar

The aim of this paper is to study the group of isomorphism classes of torsors of finite flat group schemes of rank 2 over a commutative ring $R$. This, in particular, generalises the group of quadratic algebras (free or projective), which…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Ilia Pirashvili