Related papers: Orbifolds, the A, D, E Family of Caustic Singulari…

We demonstrate that for several of the gravitational lens models used to describe galaxies, there exists a quantity we dub the magnification invariant, equaling the sum of the signed magnifications of the images, that is a constant when the…

Calculations are presented detailing the gravitational lens diffraction due to the steep brightness gradient of the limb of a stellar source. The lensing case studied is the fold caustic crossing. The limb diffraction signal greatly exceeds…

We present new results on gravitational lensing over a cosmological Robertson-Walker backgrounds which extend and generalize previous works. Our expressions show the presence of new terms and factors which have been neglected in the…

Saito theory associates to an isolated singularity rich structure that plays an important role in mirror symmetry. In this note we construct Saito theory for A and D type Landau--Ginzburg orbifolds. Namely, for the pairs $(f,G)$, where $f$…

The weak gravitational lensing formalism can be extended to the strong lensing regime by integrating a nonlinear version of the geodesic deviation equation. The resulting "roulette" expansion generalises the notion of convergence, shear and…

Gravitational lensing of point sources located inside the lens caustic is known to produce four images in a configuration closely related to the source position. We study this relation in the particular case of a sample of quadruply-imaged…

When gravitational waves propagate near massive objects, their paths curve resulting in gravitational lensing, which is expected to be a promising new instrument in astrophysics. If the time delay between different paths is comparable with…

We recently hypothesized that a distortion parameter exists such that its signed sum for all images of singular gravitational lensing of a source vanishes identically [K. S. Virbhadra, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 106}, 064038 (2022)]. We found a…

Despite its mathematical complexity, the multiple gravitational lens can be studied in detail in every situation where a perturbative approach is possible. In this paper, we examine the caustics of a system with a lens very far from the…

We investigate binary lenses with $1/r^n$ potentials in the asymmetric case with two lenses with different indexes $n$ and $m$. These kinds of potentials have been widely used in several contexts, ranging from galaxies with halos described…

We review five often used quad lens models, each of which has analytical solutions and can produce four images at most. Each lens model has two parameters, including one that describes the intensity of non-dimensional mass density, and the…

We address two selection effects that operate on samples of gravitationally lensed dusty galaxies identified in millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength surveys. First, we point out the existence of a "size bias" in such samples: due to…

Lensing in the context of rich clusters is normally quantified from small image distortions, yielding a relative mass distribution in the limit of weak lensing. Here we show the magnification effect of lensing can also be mapped over a…

In view of the well-known correspondence between gravitational fields and space-time distributions on a world manifold X, the criterion of gravitation singularities as singularities of these distributions is suggested. In the germ terms,…

We study the gravitational lensing properties of a massive object in a dark matter halo, concentrating on the critical curves and caustics of the combined lens. We model the system in the simplest approximation by a point mass embedded in a…

We first define what we mean by gravitational lensing equations in a general space-time. A set of exact relations are then derived that can be used as the gravitational lens equations in all physical situations. The caveat is that into…

It has been a persistent question at least for a decade where the gravitational lens caustics are in the radial direction: whether in front of the lensing mass, behind the lensing mass, or on the plane normal to the line of sight that…

We describe a new method for measuring galaxy magnification due to weak gravitational lensing. Our method makes use of a tight scaling relation between galaxy properties that are modified by gravitational lensing, such as apparent size, and…

High amplification events (HAEs) are common phenomena in extragalactic gravitational lens systems (GLSs), where the multiple images of a distant quasar are observed through a foreground galaxy. There is a considerable brightness…

We propose to use eigenvalue densities of unitary random matrix ensembles as mass distributions in gravitational lensing. The corresponding lens equations reduce to algebraic equations in the complex plane which can be treated analytically.…