Related papers: Calibration Challenges for Future Radio Telescopes
Precision measurements of the beam pattern response are needed to predict the response of a radio telescope. Mapping the beam of a low frequency radio array presents a unique challenge and science cases such as the observation of the 21\,cm…
The current generation of Cherenkov telescopes is mainly limited in their gamma-ray energy and flux reconstruction by uncertainties in the determination of atmospheric parameters. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) aims to provide…
High resolution (~1 arcminute) astronomical imaging at low frequency (below 150 MHz) has only recently become practical with the development of new calibration algorithms for removing ionospheric distortions. In addition to opening a new…
Adaptive optics (AO) instruments for the future extremely large telescopes (ELTs) are characterized by advanced optical systems with diffraction-limited optical quality. Low geometric distortion is also crucial for high accuracy astrometric…
Current optical interferometers are affected by unknown turbulent phases on each telescope. In the field of radio-interferometry, the self-calibration technique is a powerful tool to process interferometric data with missing phase…
Direction dependent calibration of widefield radio interferometers estimates the systematic errors along multiple directions in the sky. This is necessary because with most systematic errors that are caused by effects such as the ionosphere…
Instruments targeting 21~cm emission at high redshifts need a spectral dynamic range of better than ten thousand to distinguish the 21~cm background against bright foregrounds. Systematics arising from the antenna pattern are a leading…
Heterodyne receivers register the sky signal on either a circular polarization basis (where it is split into left-hand and right-hand circular polarization) or a linear polarization basis (where it is split into horizontal and vertical…
Calibration is an essential step in radio interferometric data processing that corrects the data for systematic errors and in addition, subtracts bright foreground interference to reveal weak signals hidden in the residual. These weak and…
Antenna array calibration is necessary to maintain the high fidelity of beam patterns across a wide range of advanced antenna systems and to ensure channel reciprocity in time division duplexing schemes. Despite the continuous development…
In this chapter we present a brief summary of methods, instruments and calibration techniques used in modern astronomical polarimetry in the optical wavelengths. We describe the properties of various polarization devices and detectors used…
Astrometry provides the foundation for astrophysics. Accurate positions are required for the association of sources detected at different times or wavelengths, and distances are essential to estimate the size, luminosity, mass, and ages of…
Having an accurate calibration method is crucial for any scientific research done by a radio telescope. The next generation radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will have a large number of receivers which will produce…
Environment perception is a key component of any autonomous system and is often based on a heterogeneous set of sensors and fusion thereof for which sensor sensor calibration plays fundamental role. It can be divided to intrinsic and…
Here we will discuss which calibrations are needed, how to perform them and how the calibration affect ALMA observations. This first part concentrates on aspects related to a single antenna, namely antenna pointing (including the antenna…
Calibration refers to the estimation of unknown parameters which are present in computer experiments but not available in physical experiments. An accurate estimation of these parameters is important because it provides a scientific…
The complexity and accuracy of current and future precision cosmology observational campaigns has made it essential to develop an efficient technique for directly combining simulation and observational datasets to determine cosmological and…
Radio astronomical imaging using aperture synthesis telescopes requires deconvolution of the point spread function as well as calibration of the instrumental characteristics (primary beam) and foreground (ionospheric/atmospheric) effects.…
Observational astrophysics uses sophisticated technology to collect and measure electromagnetic and other radiation from beyond the Earth. Modern observatories produce large, complex datasets and extracting the maximum possible information…
This paper discusses some of the challenges of spectro-polarimetric observations with a large aperture solar telescope such as the ATST or the EST. The observer needs to reach a compromise among spatial and spectral resolution, time…