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We present results of self-consistent, high-resolution cosmological simulations of galaxy formation at z~3. The simulations employ recently developed recipe for star formation based on the local abundance of molecular hydrogen, which is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Andrey V. Kravtsov

Context: Molecular hydrogen ($\rm{H_2}$) is crucial in galaxy formation and evolution, serving as the main fuel for star formation (SF). In metal-enriched environments, $\rm{H_2}$ primarily forms on interstellar dust grain surfaces.…

In recent years it has been speculated that in extreme low metallicity galactic environments, stars form in regions that lack H2. In this paper we investigate how changing the metallicity and UV-field strength of a galaxy affects the star…

Star formation is observed to be strongly correlated to dense regions of molecular gas. Although the exact nature of the link between star formation and molecular hydrogen is still unclear, some have suggested that shielding of dense gas by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-13 Lindsey Byrne , Charlotte Christensen , Marios Tsekitsidis , Alyson Brooks , Tom Quinn

One of the most important and well-established empirical results in astronomy is the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation between the density of interstellar gas and the rate at which that gas forms stars. A tight correlation between these…

The relationship between the star formation rate surface density and the molecular gas surface density in galaxies is key to understanding galaxy evolution. To investigate the molecular Kennicutt-Schmidt (K-S) relation and its dependence on…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-13 Victoria G. G. Samboco , Ryan P. Keenan

Several studies have reported a nearly linear correlation between the molecular gas and star formation rate surface density, the so-called Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) law. We aim to retrieve the KS relation for a sample of four star-forming…

We provide a model for how Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) laws, which describe the correlation between star formation rate and gas surface or volume density, depend on the molecular line chosen to trace the gas. We show that, for lines that can be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mark R. Krumholz , Todd A. Thompson

When averaged over large scales, star formation in galaxies is observed to follow the empirical Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) law for surface densities above a constant threshold. While the observed law involves surface densities, theoretical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-29 Joop Schaye , Claudio Dalla Vecchia

We present an analysis of the global and spatially-resolved Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) star formation relation in the FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments) suite of cosmological simulations, including halos with $z = 0$ masses ranging from…

We describe a phenomenological model for molecular hydrogen formation suited for applications in galaxy formation simulations, which includes on-equilibrium formation of molecular hydrogen on dust and approximate treatment of both its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-28 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Konstantinos Tassis , Andrey V. Kravtsov

Using N-body/gasdynamic simulations of a Milky Way-like galaxy we analyse a Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, $\Sigma_{SFR} \propto \Sigma_{gas}^N$, at different spatial scales. We simulate synthetic observations in CO lines and UV band. We adopt…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-04-12 Sergey A. Khoperskov , Evgenii O. Vasiliev

Until recently, simulations that modeled entire galaxies were restricted to an isothermal or fixed 2- or 3-phase interstellar medium (ISM). This obscured the full role of the ISM in shaping the observed galactic-scale star formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-28 Elizabeth J. Tasker , Greg L. Bryan , Jonathan C. Tan

(ABRIDGED) We use hydrodynamical simulations of disk galaxies to study relations between star formation and properties of the molecular interstellar medium (ISM). We implement a model for the ISM that includes low-temperature (T<10^4K)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Brant Robertson , Andrey Kravtsov

We present models of the evolution of the gaseous and stellar content of galaxies incorporating the formation of H_2 out of HI gas as part of such a model. We do so by formulating a subgrid model for gas clouds that uses well-known cloud…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 F. I. Pelupessy , P. P. Papadopoulos , P. P. van der Werf

We present numerical computations and analysis of atomic to molecular (HI-to-H$_2$) transitions in cool ($\sim$100 K) low-metallicity dust-free (primordial) gas, in which molecule formation occurs via cosmic-ray driven negative ion…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-10-27 Amiel Sternberg , Alon Gurman , Shmuel Bialy

We utilize detailed time-varying models of the coupled evolution of stars and the HI, H_2, and CO-bright H_2 gas phases in galaxy-sized numerical simulations to explore the evolution of gas-rich and/or metal-poor systems, expected to be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Padelis P. Papadopoulos , Federico I. Pelupessy

One of the crucial components in simulating the growth and evolution of galaxies within a cosmological framework is the modeling of star formation (SF) and its corresponding feedback. Traditionally, the implemented SF law follows the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-14 Ezequiel Lozano , Cecilia Scannapieco , Sebastián E. Nuza , Yago Ascasibar , Luis Biaus , Federico G. Iza

We estimate the parameters of the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relationship, linking the star formation rate (Sigma_SFR) to the molecular gas surface density (Sigma_mol), in the STING sample of nearby disk galaxies using a hierarchical Bayesian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Rahul Shetty , Brandon C. Kelly , Nurur Rahman , Frank Bigiel , Alberto D. Bolatto , Paul C. Clark , Ralf S. Klessen , Lukas K. Konstandin

We use a complete sample of galaxies drawn from the SDSS to study how structure, star formation and nuclear activity depend on local density and on stellar mass. Local density is estimated by counting galaxies above a fixed absolute…

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