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In this paper, we propose how to construct a reconciliation method for the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol. Theoretically, it is unconditionally secure because it is based on the quantum laws of physics, rather than the assumed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Nedra Benletaief , Houria Rezig , Ammar Bouallegue

Quantum key distribution (QKD) achieves information-theoretic security, without relying on computational assumptions, by distributing quantum states. To establish secret bits, two honest parties exploit key distillation protocols over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Rutvij Bhavsar , Junguk Moon , Joonwoo Bae

We present a finite-size security proof for generic quantum key distribution protocols against independent and identically distributed collective attacks and extend it to coherent attacks using the postselection technique. This work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Lars Kamin , Devashish Tupkary , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We study the role of discrete rotational symmetry in quantum key distribution by generalizing the well-known Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) and Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 2004 (SARG04) protocols. We observe that discrete rotational symmetry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Shirokoff , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We address the problem of estimating pure qubit states with non-ideal (noisy) measurements in the multiple-copy scenario, where the data consists of a number N of identically prepared qubits. We show that the average fidelity of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 Bernat Gendra , Elio Ronco-Bonvehi , John Calsamiglia , Ramon Munoz-Tapia , Emilio Bagan

In optical implementations of the phase-encoded BB84 protocol, the bit information is usually encoded in the phase of two consecutive photon pulses generated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the actual experimental realization, the loss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Agnes Ferenczi , Varun Narasimhachar , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two parties to securely share encryption keys by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, offering protection against eavesdropping. In practical implementations, QKD systems often rely on a…

In a point-to-point communication system which consists of a sender, a receiver and a set of noiseless channels, the sender wishes to transmit a private message to the receiver through the channels which may be eavesdropped by a wiretapper.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Fan Cheng , Raymond W. Yeung , Kenneth W. Shum

This article provides the unconditional security of a semi quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol based on 3-dimensional quantum states. By deriving a lower bound for the key rate, in the asymptotic scenario, as a function of the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-08 Hasnaa Hajji , Morad El Baz

We study covert communication and covert secret key generation with positive rates over quantum state-dependent channels. Specifically, we consider fully quantum state-dependent channels when the transmitter shares an entangled state with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hassan ZivariFard , Rémi A. Chou , Xiaodong Wang

We demonstrate a quantum key distribution with a secure bit rate exceeding 1 Mbit/s over 50 km fiber averaged over a continuous 36-hours period. Continuous operation of high bit rates is achieved using feedback systems to control path…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-26 A R Dixon , Z L Yuan , J F Dynes , A W Sharpe , A J Shields

This letter investigates performance enhancement by the concept of multi-carrier index keying in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. For the performance evaluation, a tight closed-form approximation of the bit error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Youngwook Ko

We present a result of side-channel-secure (SCS) quantum key distribution (QKD) under fully realistic conditions. Our result is not only measurement-device independent but also effective with imperfect (and unstable) source devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Cong Jiang , Xiao-Long Hu , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang

In this paper, the performance of signaling strategies with high peak-to-average power ratio is analyzed in both coherent and noncoherent fading channels. Two recently proposed modulation schemes, namely on-off binary phase-shift keying and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Mustafa Cenk Gursoy

We study extensions of a quantum channel whose one-way capacities are described by a single-letter formula. This provides a simple technique for generating powerful upper bounds on the capacities of a general quantum channel. We apply this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-20 Graeme Smith , John A. Smolin

Shor and Preskill have provided a simple proof of security of the standard quantum key distribution scheme by Bennett and Brassard (BB84) by demonstrating a connection between key distribution and entanglement purification protocols with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman , Hoi-Kwong Lo

The security of a passive plug-and-play QKD arrangement in the case of finite (resources) key lengths is analysed. It is assumed that the eavesdropper has full access to the channel so an unknown and untrusted source is assumed. To take…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-08 Pedro J. Salas

We present a complete protocol for BB84 quantum key distribution for a realistic setting (noise, loss, multi-photon signals of the source) that covers many of todays experimental implementations. The security of this protocol is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-10 Hitoshi Inamori , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Dominic Mayers

It is pointed out that treatments of the error correcting code in current quantum key distribution protocols of the BB84 type are not correct under joint attack, and the general interpretation of the trace distance security criterion is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-22 Horace P. Yuen

We demonstrate a weak pulse quantum key distribution system using the BB84 protocol which is secure against all individual attacks, including photon number splitting. By carefully controlling the weak pulse intensity we demonstrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Gobby , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields