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Autoencoders (AE) provide a useful method for nonlinear dimensionality reduction but are ill-suited for low data regimes. Conversely, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is data-efficient but is limited to linear dimensionality reduction,…

Principal component analysis (PCA) defines a reduced space described by PC axes for a given multidimensional-data sequence to capture the variations of the data. In practice, we need multiple data sequences that accurately obey individual…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-19 Ikuo Fukuda , Kei Moritsugu

The Nystr\"om method is one of the most popular techniques for improving the scalability of kernel methods. However, it has not yet been derived for kernel PCA in line with classical PCA. In this paper we derive kernel PCA with the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-22 Fredrik Hallgren

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique in machine learning, applied across various fields such as bioinformatics, computer vision and finance. However, when the response variables…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-25 Theodosios Papazoglou , Guosheng Yin

In order to process efficiently ever-higher dimensional data such as images, sentences, or audio recordings, one needs to find a proper way to reduce the dimensionality of such data. In this regard, SVD-based methods including PCA and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Quentin Fournier , Daniel Aloise

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used statistical methods for data exploration, and for dimensionality reduction wherein the first few principal components account for an appreciable proportion of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-11 Caren Marzban , Ulvi Yurtsever , Michael Richman

We propose a new analytical approximation to the $\chi^2$ kernel that converges geometrically. The analytical approximation is derived with elementary methods and adapts to the input distribution for optimal convergence rate. Experiments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Fuxin Li , Guy Lebanon , Cristian Sminchisescu

We study principal component analysis (PCA) for mean zero i.i.d. Gaussian observations $X_1,\dots, X_n$ in a separable Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}$ with unknown covariance operator $\Sigma.$ The complexity of the problem is characterized by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-21 Vladimir Koltchinskii , Matthias Löffler , Richard Nickl

We present a method for performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on noisy datasets with missing values. Estimates of the measurement error are used to weight the input data such that compared to classic PCA, the resulting eigenvectors…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Stephen Bailey

Kernel methods are fundamental tools in machine learning that allow detection of non-linear dependencies between data without explicitly constructing feature vectors in high dimensional spaces. A major disadvantage of kernel methods is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Thomas D. Ahle , Michael Kapralov , Jakob B. T. Knudsen , Rasmus Pagh , Ameya Velingker , David Woodruff , Amir Zandieh

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) is an important technique for dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional data. However, most existing sparse PCA algorithms are based on non-convex optimization, which provide little guarantee on…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-20 Yixuan Qiu , Jing Lei , Kathryn Roeder

We present a new straightforward principal component analysis (PCA) method based on the diagonalization of the weighted variance-covariance matrix through two spectral decomposition methods: power iteration and Rayleigh quotient iteration.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-16 Ludovic Delchambre

We analyze the prediction error of principal component regression (PCR) and prove high probability bounds for the corresponding squared risk conditional on the design. Our first main result shows that PCR performs comparably to the oracle…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Laura Hucker , Martin Wahl

This paper considers the estimation and inference of the low-rank components in high-dimensional matrix-variate factor models, where each dimension of the matrix-variates ($p \times q$) is comparable to or greater than the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Elynn Y. Chen , Jianqing Fan

We propose a new method for input variable selection in nonlinear regression. The method is embedded into a kernel regression machine that can model general nonlinear functions, not being a priori limited to additive models. This is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Magda Gregorová , Jason Ramapuram , Alexandros Kalousis , Stéphane Marchand-Maillet

Principal component analysis (PCA) for binary data, known as logistic PCA, has become a popular alternative to dimensionality reduction of binary data. It is motivated as an extension of ordinary PCA by means of a matrix factorization, akin…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-08 Andrew J. Landgraf , Yoonkyung Lee

Real-time or near real-time hyperspectral detection and identification are extremely useful and needed in many fields. These data sets can be quite large, and the algorithms can require numerous computations that slow the process down. A…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-27 Abigail Basener , Meagan Herald

Kernel-based methods enjoy powerful generalization capabilities in handling a variety of learning tasks. When such methods are provided with sufficient training data, broadly-applicable classes of nonlinear functions can be approximated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-29 Fatemeh Sheikholeslami , Dimitris Berberidis , Georgios B. Giannakis

Nonparametric kernel density and local polynomial regression estimators are very popular in Statistics, Economics, and many other disciplines. They are routinely employed in applied work, either as part of the main empirical analysis or as…

Computation · Statistics 2020-07-21 Sebastian Calonico , Matias D. Cattaneo , Max H. Farrell

We study the long-standing problem of determining the number of principal components in econometric applications from a selective inference perspective. We consider i.i.d. observations from a $p$-dimensional random vector with $p<n$ and…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-12 Yasuyuki Matsumura , Chisato Tachibana
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