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We present examples of simple electromagnetic systems in which energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum exhibit interesting behavior. The systems are sufficiently simple to allow exact solutions of Maxwell's equations in conjunction…
Invoking Maxwell's classical equations in conjunction with expressions for the electromagnetic (EM) energy, momentum, force, and torque, we use a few simple examples to demonstrate the nature of the EM angular momentum. The energy and the…
New Lagrangians, depending on the field strengths and the electric and magnetic sources are found, which lead to the Maxwell equations. One new feature is that the equations of motion are obtained by varying the Lagrangian with respect to…
The free electromagnetic field, solution of Maxwell's equations and carrier of energy, momentum and spin, is construed as an emergent collective property of an ensemble of photons, and with this, the consistency of an interpretation that…
Maxwell's macroscopic equations combined with a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force are a complete and consistent set of equations. Not only are these five equations fully compatible with special relativity, they also conform with…
We review and re-examine the description and separation of the spin and orbital angular momenta (AM) of an electromagnetic field in free space. While the spin and orbital AM of light are not separately-meaningful physical quantities in…
It is well-known that electric spin angular momentum and electric orbital angular momentum are conserved under paraxial propagation of travelling waves in free-space. Here we study the electric and magnetic angular momentum in…
Maxwell equations provide a complete description of the electromagnetic (EM) phenomena, which have been one of the key fundamental-theories of modern physics, such as electromagnetism, optics, quantum theories, etc. The vacuum permittivity…
Charges are everywhere because most atoms are charged. Chemical bonds are formed by electrons with their charge. Charges move and interact according to Maxwell's equations in space and in atoms where the equations of electrodynamics are…
The standard derivations of electromagnetic energy and momentum in media take Maxwell's equations as the starting point. It is well known that for dispersive media this approach does not directly yield exact expressions for the energy and…
The axiomatic structure of the electromagnetic theory is outlined. We will base classical electrodynamics on (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the Lorentz force, (3) magnetic flux conservation, and (4) on the Maxwell-Lorentz spacetime…
Detailed physical processes of magnetic field generation from density fluctuations in the pre-recombination era are studied. Solving Maxwell equations and the generalized Ohm's law, the evolutions of the net charge density, the electric…
In the present contribution we show that the introduction of a conserved axial current in electrodynamics can explain the quantization of electric charge, preserving parity conservation, and introduces a dynamical discreteness into…
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) deals with the relativistic interaction of bosonic gauge fields and fermionic charged particles. In QED, global conservation laws of angular momentum for light-matter interactions are well-known. However, local…
We begin with the time-dependent electric and magnetic dipole solution of Maxwell's equations in Minkowski space. This Maxwell field is then used to determine the behavior of the gravitational field (the Weyl tensor) as a second-order…
By means of the Helmholtz theorem on the decomposition of vector fields, the angular momentum of the classical electromagnetic field is decomposed, in a general and manifestly gauge invariant manner, into a spin component and an orbital…
Energy-momentum and angular momentum carried by electromagnetic field of two point-like charged particles arbitrarily moving in flat spacetime are presented. Apart from usual contributions to the Noether quantities produced separately by…
The dynamical characteristics of electromagnetic fields include energy, momentum, angular momentum (spin) and helicity. We analyze their spatial distributions near the planar interface between two transparent and non-dispersive media, when…
That static electric and magnetic fields can store momentum may be perplexing, but is necessary to ensure total conservation of momentum. Simple situations in which such field momentum is transferred to nearby bodies and point charges have…
Hybrid quantum systems exhibiting coupled optical, spin, and mechanical degrees of freedom can serve as a platform for sensing, or as a bus to mediate interactions between qubits with disparate energy scales. These systems are also creating…