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Proof-of-work (PoW) is an algorithmic tool used to secure networks by imposing a computational cost on participating devices. Unfortunately, traditional PoW schemes require that correct devices perform computational work perpetually, even…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Diksha Gupta , Jared Saia , Maxwell Young

Stealth attacks pose potential risks to cyber-physical systems because they are difficult to detect. Assessing the risk of systems under stealth attacks remains an open challenge, especially in nonlinear systems. To comprehensively quantify…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-07 Guang Chen , Zhicong Sun , Yulong Ding , Shuang-hua Yang

Many real-world cyber-physical systems (CPS) use proprietary cipher algorithms. In this work, we describe an easy-to-use black-box security evaluation approach to measure the strength of proprietary ciphers without having to know the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Ya Xiao , Qingying Hao , Danfeng , Yao

Although one-way functions are well-established as the minimal primitive for classical cryptography, a minimal primitive for quantum cryptography is still unclear. Universal extrapolation, first considered by Impagliazzo and Levin (1990),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Luowen Qian , Justin Raizes , Mark Zhandry

In this work we start walking the path to a new perspective for viewing cyberwarfare scenarios, by introducing conceptual tools (a formal model) to evaluate the costs of an attack, to describe the theater of operations, targets, missions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-06-11 Ariel Futoransky , Luciano Notarfrancesco , Gerardo Richarte , Carlos Sarraute

In cybersecurity, attackers range from brash, unsophisticated script kiddies and cybercriminals to stealthy, patient advanced persistent threats. When modeling these attackers, we can observe that they demonstrate different risk-seeking and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Erick Galinkin , John Carter , Spiros Mancoridis

Machine learning on encrypted data has received a lot of attention thanks to recent breakthroughs in homomorphic encryption and secure multi-party computation. It allows outsourcing computation to untrusted servers without sacrificing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Theo Ryffel , Edouard Dufour-Sans , Romain Gay , Francis Bach , David Pointcheval

Despite numerous countermeasures proposed by practitioners and researchers, remote control-flow alteration of programs with memory-safety vulnerabilities continues to be a realistic threat. Guaranteeing that complex software is completely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Martín Ochoa , Sebastian Banescu , Cynthia Disenfeld , Gilles Barthe , Vijay Ganesh

Resource allocation is the process of optimizing the rare resources. In the area of security, how to allocate limited resources to protect a massive number of targets is especially challenging. This paper addresses this resource allocation…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Xu Liu , Xiaoqiang Di , Jinqing Li , Huan Wang , Jianping Zhao , Huamin Yang , Ligang Cong

Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to maintain transactions order and provides probabilistic guarantee to prevent double-spending, assuming that an attacker's computational power does not exceed %50 of the network power. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ghader Ebrahimpour , Mohammad Sayad Haghighi

We give an operational definition of information-theoretic resources within a given multipartite classical or quantum correlation. We present our causal model that serves as the source coding side of this correlation and introduce a novel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Shuchan Wang , Gerhard Wunder

Hardcore functions have been used as a technical tool to construct secure cryptographic systems; however, little is known on their quantum counterpart, called quantum hardcore functions. With a new insight into fundamental properties of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-07-20 Akinori Kawachi , Tomoyuki Yamakami

There are (at least) three approaches to quantifying information. The first, algorithmic information or Kolmogorov complexity, takes events as strings and, given a universal Turing machine, quantifies the information content of a string as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-11-29 David Balduzzi

The realm of this thesis is cryptographic protocol theory in the quantum world. We study the security of quantum and classical protocols against adversaries that are assumed to exploit quantum effects to their advantage. Security in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-10 Carolin Lunemann

We show how the execution time of algorithms on quantum computers depends on the architecture of the quantum computer, the choice of algorithms (including subroutines such as arithmetic), and the ``clock speed'' of the quantum computer. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodney Van Meter , Kohei M. Itoh , Thaddeus D. Ladd

Cryptographic protocols, such as protocols for secure function evaluation (SFE), have played a crucial role in the development of modern cryptography. The extensive theory of these protocols, however, deals almost exclusively with classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-08 Sean Hallgren , Adam Smith , Fang Song

We apply formal methods to lay and streamline theoretical foundations to reason about Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and physics-based attacks, i.e., attacks targeting physical devices. We focus on a formal treatment of both integrity and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Ruggero Lanotte , Massimo Merro , Andrei Munteanu , Luca Viganò

Quantum computers have the potential to perform computational tasks beyond the reach of classical machines. A prominent example is Shor's algorithm for integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which is of both fundamental importance…

Quantum computing is the process of performing calculations using quantum mechanics. This field studies the quantum behavior of certain subatomic particles for subsequent use in performing calculations, as well as for large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 David Peral García , Juan Cruz-Benito , Francisco José García-Peñalvo

The impossibility of creating perfect identical copies of unknown quantum systems is a fundamental concept in quantum theory and one of the main non-classical properties of quantum information. This limitation imposed by quantum mechanics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Mina Doosti