Related papers: Downflows in sunspot umbral dots
Umbral flashes (UFs) are most common phenomenon of wave processes in sunspots. Studying the relationship between wave time dynamics and the origin of UFs requires further investigation of their fine spatial and height structure. We…
Sunspots are concentrations of magnetic field on the visible solar surface that strongly affect the convective energy transport in their interior and surroundings. The filamentary outer regions (penumbrae) of sunspots show systematic radial…
The relation between the Evershed flow and moving magnetic features (MMFs) is studied using high-cadence, simultaneous spectropolarimetric measurements of a sunspot in visible (630.2 nm) and near-infrared (1565 nm) lines. Doppler…
In sunspot umbrae, the core of some chromospheric lines exhibits periodic brightness enhancements known as umbral flashes. The consensus is that they are produced by the upward propagation of shock waves. This view has recently been…
Sunspots are crucial for exploring how magnetic fields and plasma flows interact in the solar atmosphere, spanning from the stable photosphere to the shock-dominated chromosphere. To determine the thermal, magnetic, and kinematic properties…
Numerical simulations indicate that the filamentation of sunspot penumbrae and the associated systematic outflow (the Evershed effect) are due to convectively driven fluid motions constrained by the inclined magnetic field. We investigate…
We study the plasma flows in the solar photosphere during the emergence of two small active regions, NOAA 9021 and 10768. Using SOHO/MDI data, we find that the strong plasma upflows appear at the initial stage of active region formation,…
Umbral dots (UDs) are transient, bright features observed in the umbral region of a sunspot. We study the physical properties of UDs observed in sunspots of different sizes. The aim of our study is to relate the physical properties of…
Moving magnetic features (MMFs) are small-size magnetic elements that are seen to stream out from sunspots, generally during their decay phase. Several observational results presented in the literature suggest them to be closely related to…
Context. Recent discoveries of intensity correlated downflows in the interior of a sunspot penumbra provide direct evidence for overturning convection, adding to earlier strong indications of convection from filament dynamics observed far…
Substructures - dark lanes and tails - of umbral dots (UDs) were predicted by numerical simulations of magnetoconvection. We analyse a 6 h 23 min time series of broadband images of a large umbra in the active region NOAA 10634, acquired…
Combining high-resolution spectropolarimetric and imaging data is key to understanding the decay process of sunspots as it allows us scrutinizing the velocity and magnetic fields of sunspots and their surroundings. Active region NOAA 12597…
Upflows observed at the edges of active regions have been proposed as the source of the slow solar wind. In the particular case of Active Region (AR) 10942, where such an upflow has been already observed, we want to evaluate the part of…
We report on the spatial distribution of magnetogram oscillatory power and phase angles between velocity and magnetogram signals as observed with the Michelson Doppler Imager. The dataset is 151.25 arcsec times 151.25 arcsec containing…
Many sunspots are surrounded by a radial outflow called the moat flow. We investigate the moat flow at two different heights of the solar atmosphere for a sunspot whose magnetic properties were reported in the first paper of this series. We…
We analyse the chromospheric Doppler velocity oscillations in a sunspot using the high resolution spectral observations obtained from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph(FISS) of the New Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory.…
The photospheric Evershed flow is normally oriented radially outward, yet sometimes opposite velocities are observed not only in the chromosphere but also in the photospheric layers of the penumbra. We study the velocity field in a special…
We study the formation of a sunspot penumbra in the active region NOAA11024. We simultaneously observed the Stokes parameters of the photospheric iron lines at 1089.6 nm with the TIP and 617.3 nm with the GFPI spectropolarimeters along with…
We study the evolution of the flows and horizontal proper motions in and around a decaying follower sunspot based on time sequences of two-dimensional spectroscopic observations in the visible and white light imaging data obtained over six…
The magnetic properties of the umbra-penumbra (UP) boundary of sunspots and the boundary of pores at various evolutionary stages have been characterised using datasets from different instruments. We aim to study the differences between the…