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In the context of cosmological perturbation theory, we derive the second order Boltzmann equation describing the evolution of the distribution function of radiation without a specific gauge choice. The essential steps in deriving the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Atsushi Naruko , Cyril Pitrou , Kazuya Koyama , Misao Sasaki

If the linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is rotated in a frequency-independent manner as it propagates from the surface of last scatter, it may introduce a B-mode polarization. Here I show that measurement of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-04-08 Marc Kamionkowski

We develop a systematic and unified approach to estimate all possible secondary (i.e. non-primordial) nonlinear effects to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization, named curve-of-sight integration approach. In this approach, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Toshiya Namikawa , Atsushi Naruko , Ryo Saito , Atsushi Taruya , Daisuke Yamauchi

The B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides a unique window into tensor perturbations from inflationary gravitational waves. Survey effects complicate the estimation and description of the power spectrum on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-28 Eric R. Switzer , Duncan J. Watts

At linear order the only expected source of a curl-like, B mode, polarization pattern in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is primordial gravitational waves. At second-order B modes are also produced from purely scalar, density, initial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-01 William R. Coulton

Circular polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) arises in the standard cosmological model from Faraday conversion of the linear polarization generated at the surface of last scatter by various sources of birefringence along…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-27 Marc Kamionkowski

A B-mode polarization signal in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is widely regarded as smoking gun evidence for gravitational waves produced during inflation. Here, we demonstrate that tensor perturbations sourced during…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-22 Kylar Greene , Aurora Ireland , Gordan Krnjaic , Yuhsin Tsai

We study the degree to which the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity involving one tensor and two scalar fluctuations, focusing on the correlation of one polarization $B$ mode with two…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-15 P. Daniel Meerburg , Joel Meyers , Alex van Engelen , Yacine Ali-Haïmoud

We evaluate the large scale polarization of the cosmic microwave background induced, via Thomson scattering prior to decoupling, by nearly scale-invariant spectra of scalar and tensor metric perturbations, such as those predicted by most…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Diego Harari , Matias Zaldarriaga

Since a positive future detection of non-linearity in the cosmic microwave background anisotropy pattern might allow to descriminate among different mechanisms giving rise to cosmological adiabatic perturbations, we study the evolution of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-10 N. Bartolo , S. Matarrese , A. Riotto

This is a review of models of inflation and of their predictions for the primordial non-Gaussianity in the density perturbations which are thought to be at the origin of structures in the Universe. Non-Gaussianity emerges as a key…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 N. Bartolo , E. Komatsu , S. Matarrese , A. Riotto

The cosmic microwave background polarization is rich of cosmological information complementary to those from temperature anisotropies. Linear polarization can be decomposed uniquely in two components of opposite parities, called E and B.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Rosset , the PLANCK-HFI Collaboration

Cosmological perturbation theory is crucial for our understanding of the universe. The linear theory has been well understood for some time, however developing and applying the theory beyond linear order is currently at the forefront of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-03 Adam J. Christopherson

The search for the curl component (B mode) in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization induced by inflationary gravitational waves is described. The canonical single-field slow-roll model of inflation is presented, and we explain…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-05 Marc Kamionkowski , Ely D. Kovetz

The temperature and polarization anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background are analyzed under the hypothesis that the same inflationary seed accounting for protogalactic magnetism also affects the Einstein-Boltzmann hierarchy whose…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-02 Massimo Giovannini

In the last few decades, advances in observational cosmology have given us a standard model of cosmology. We know the content of the universe to within a few percent. With more ambitious experiments on the way, we hope to move beyond the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-26 Amit P. S. Yadav , Benjamin D. Wandelt

We introduce a general class of models for charaterizing the non-Gaussian properties of foreground contaminants in the cosmic microwave background with view towards the removal of the non-primordial non-Gaussian signal from the primordial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-05 C. S. Carvalho

Within cosmological perturbation theory, the cosmic microwave background anisotropies are usually computed from a Boltzmann hierarchy coupled to the perturbed Einstein equations. In this setup, one set of multipoles describes the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Cyril Pitrou , Thiago S. Pereira , Julien Lesgourgues

Primordial gravitational waves leave a characteristic imprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in the form of $B$-mode polarization. Photons are also deflected by large scale gravitational waves which intervene between the source…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-20 Connor Sheere , Alexander van Engelen , P. Daniel Meerburg , Joel Meyers

The B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background on large scales has been considered as a probe of gravitational waves from the cosmic inflation. Ongoing and future experiments will, however, suffer from contamination due to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-07 Toshiya Namikawa , Ryo Nagata