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The attosecond streaking technique is normally utilized to characterize the attosecond pulses in extreme ultraviolet spectrum, while the pulse simulation and reconstruction schemes turn out to be unreliable for extremely short sub-100as…
In molecular systems, the ultrafast motion of electrons initiates the process of chemical change. Tracking this electronic motion across molecules requires coupling attosecond time resolution to atomic-scale spatial sensitivity. In this…
Electrons colliding with spatially fixed ions in strong laser fields are investigated by solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. Considering first simple one-dimensional model systems, the mechanisms and energy spectra of fast…
Ultrafast Electron Microscopy (UEM) has been demonstrated to be an effective table-top technique for imaging the temporally-evolving dynamics of matter with subparticle spatial resolution on the time scale of atomic motion. However, imaging…
Precise control over interactions between ballistic electrons will enable us to exploit Coulomb interactions in novel ways, to develop high-speed sensing, to reach a non-linear regime in electron quantum optics and to realise schemes for…
Field-emission of electrons underlies major advances in science and technology, ranging from imaging the atomic-scale structure of matter to signal processing at ever-higher frequencies. The advancement of these applications to their…
Upon absorbing a photon, the ionized electron sails through the target force field in attoseconds to reach free space. This navigation probes details of the potential landscape that get imprinted into the phase of the ionization amplitude.…
Solids exposed to intense electric fields release electrons through tunnelling. This fundamental quantum process lies at the heart of various applications, ranging from high brightness electron sources in DC operation to petahertz vacuum…
Attosecond dynamics in strong-field tunnel ionization are encoded in intricate holographic patterns in the photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs). These patterns show the interference between two or more superposed quantum electron…
X-ray observations are a direct diagnostic of fast electrons produced in solar flares, energized during the energy release process and directed towards the Sun. Since the properties of accelerated electrons can be substantially changed…
The dissociative ionization of H2+ interacting with intense, femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet laser pulses is investigated theoretically. This is done by numerical propagation of the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation for a colinear…
We study laser-assisted photoionization by attosecond pulses using a time-independent formalism based on diagrammatic many-body perturbation theory. Our aim is to provide an ab inito route to the "delays" for this above-threshold ionization…
The photoelectric effect, explained by Einstein in 1905, is often regarded as a one-electron phenomenon. However, in multi-electron systems, the interaction of the escaping electron with other electrons, referred to as electron correlation,…
Ultrafast laser excitation can create coherent superpositions of electronic states in molecules and trigger ultrafast flow of electron density on few- to sub-femtosecond time scales. While recent attosecond experiments have addressed…
We investigate the possibility to monitor the dynamics of autoionizing states in real time and control the yields of different ionization channels in helium by simulating XUV-pump IR-probe experiments focused on the N=2 threshold. The XUV…
Electron motion on the (sub-)femtosecond time scale constitutes the fastest response in many natural phenomena such as light-induced phase transitions and chemical reactions. Whereas static electron densities in single molecules can be…
Optical identification is often done with spatial or temporal visual pattern recognition and localization. Temporal pattern recognition, depending on the technology, involves a trade-off between communication frequency, range and accurate…
Time-resolved investigations of ultrafast electronic and molecular dynamics were not possible until recently. The typical time scale of these processes is in the picosecond to attosecond realm. The tremendous technological progress in…
X-ray spectroscopy is an important tool for the investigation of matter. X rays primarily interact with inner-shell electrons creating core (inner-shell) holes that will decay on the time scale of attoseconds to few femtoseconds through…
We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method, where the two intrinsic time scales of a molecule, the slow nuclear motion and the fast electronic motion, are simultaneously measured in a photo-electron photo-ion coincidence…