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A theory of resource-bounded dimension is developed using gales, which are natural generalizations of martingales. When the resource bound \Delta (a parameter of the theory) is unrestricted, the resulting dimension is precisely the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jack H. Lutz

A compacted binary tree is a directed acyclic graph encoding a binary tree in which common subtrees are factored and shared, such that they are represented only once. We show that the number of compacted binary trees of size $n$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Andrew Elvey Price , Wenjie Fang , Michael Wallner

We establish new combinatorial transcendence criteria for continued fraction expansions. Let $\alpha = [0; a_1, a_2,...]$ be an algebraic number of degree at least three. One of our criteria implies that the sequence of partial quotients…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Yann Bugeaud

A leaf path language is a Boolean combination of sets of the form $\mathsf{{}^mE}^k L$, with $k \ge 1$ and $L$ a regular word language, which consist of those forests where the node labels in at least $k$ leaf-to-root paths make up a word…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Martin Beaudry

We construct an infinite word $w$ over the $5$-letter alphabet such that for every factor $f$ of $w$ of length at least two, there exists a cyclic permutation of $f$ that is not a factor of $w$. In other words, $w$ does not contain a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-21 Golnaz Badkobeh , Pascal Ochem

We define the doubling zeta integral for smooth families of representations of classical groups. Following this we prove a rationality result for these zeta integrals and show that they satisfy a functional equation. Moreover, we show that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-19 Johannes Girsch

In this paper, we consider infinite words that arise as fixed points of primitive substitutions on a finite alphabet and finite colorings of their factors. Any such infinite word exhibits a "hierarchal structure" that will allow us to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-31 A. Bernardino , M. Silva , R. Pacheco

The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic complexity of a subclass of regular languages is the maximal syntactic complexity of languages in that subclass, taken as a function…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-16 Janusz Brzozowski , Baiyu Li

We use topological methods to study complexity of deep computations and limit computations. We use topology of function spaces, specifically, the classification Rosenthal compacta, to identify new complexity classes. We use the language of…

This thesis is intended to provide an account of the theory and applications of Operational Methods that allow the "translation" of the theory of special functions and polynomials into a "different" mathematical language. The language we…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-03-09 Silvia Licciardi

We introduce a new method of proving upper estimates of growth of finitely generated groups and constructing groups of intermediate growth using graphs of their actions. These estimates are of the form $\exp(n^\alpha)$ for some $\alpha<1$,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-05 Laurent Bartholdi , Volodymyr Nekrashevych , Tianyi Zheng

We discuss the formal aspects of the factorial polynomials and of the associated series. We develop the theory using the formalism of quasi-monomials and prove the usefulness of the method for the solutions of nontrivial difference…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-07-21 D. Babusci , G. Dattoli , M. Carpanese

We introduce a family of polynomials, which arise in three distinct ways: in the large $N$ expansion of a matrix integral, as a weighted enumeration of factorisations of permutations, and via the topological recursion. More explicitly, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Xavier Coulter , Norman Do , Ellena Moskovsky

The asymptotic nature of perturbative expansions in quantum field theory can arise from the factorial growth in the number of Feynman diagrams with loop order, as with instantons, or from a series of individual diagrams whose values grow…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-11 Luen Clingerman , Matthew D. Schwartz

Partially ordered automata are automata where the transition relation induces a partial order on states. The expressive power of partially ordered automata is closely related to the expressivity of fragments of first-order logic on finite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tomáš Masopust , Markus Krötzsch

In this paper we address the decision problem for a fragment of set theory with restricted quantification which extends the language studied in [4] with pair related quantifiers and constructs, in view of possible applications in the field…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Domenico Cantone , Cristiano Longo

The infimal prefix-closed, controllable and observable superlanguage plays an essential role in the relationship between controllability, observability and co-observability -- the central notions of supervisory control theory. Existing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Tomáš Masopust

Let $A^*$ denote the free monoid generated by a finite nonempty set $A.$ In this paper we introduce a new measure of complexity of languages $L\subseteq A^*$ defined in terms of the semigroup structure on $A^*.$ For each $L\subseteq A^*,$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-19 Julien Cassaigne , Anna E. Frid , Svetlana Puzynina , Luca Q. Zamboni

We use the recently developed theory of forest algebras to find algebraic characterizations of the languages of unranked trees and forests definable in various logics. These include the temporal logics CTL and EF, and first-order logic over…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Mikolaj Bojanczyk , Igor Walukiewicz , Howard Straubing

Polynomial factorization is a fundamental problem in computational algebra. Over the past half century, a variety of algorithmic techniques have been developed to tackle different variants of this problem. In parallel, algebraic complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-25 C. S. Bhargav , Prateek Dwivedi , Nitin Saxena