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Contextual multi-armed bandits are a popular choice to model sequential decision-making. E.g., in a healthcare application we may perform various tests to asses a patient condition (exploration) and then decide on the best treatment to give…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mirco Mutti , Jeongyeol Kwon , Shie Mannor , Aviv Tamar

Active learning identifies data points to label that are expected to be the most useful in improving a supervised model. Opportunistic active learning incorporates active learning into interactive tasks that constrain possible queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Aishwarya Padmakumar , Peter Stone , Raymond J. Mooney

We study off-policy learning (OPL) in contextual bandits, which plays a key role in a wide range of real-world applications such as recommendation systems and online advertising. Typical OPL in contextual bandits assumes an unconstrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Koichi Tanaka , Ren Kishimoto , Bushun Kawagishi , Yusuke Narita , Yasuo Yamamoto , Nobuyuki Shimizu , Yuta Saito

Policy learning using historical observational data is an important problem that has found widespread applications. Examples include selecting offers, prices, advertisements to send to customers, as well as selecting which medication to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Nian Si , Fan Zhang , Zhengyuan Zhou , Jose Blanchet

Reinforcement learning addresses the dilemma between exploration to find profitable actions and exploitation to act according to the best observations already made. Bandit problems are one such class of problems in stateless environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Ananda Narayanan B , Balaraman Ravindran

For many interesting tasks, such as medical diagnosis and web page classification, a learner only has access to some positively labeled examples and many unlabeled examples. Learning from this type of data requires making assumptions about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Jessa Bekker , Jesse Davis

We design and implement an adaptive experiment (a ``contextual bandit'') to learn a targeted treatment assignment policy, where the goal is to use a participant's survey responses to determine which charity to expose them to in a donation…

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

When learning from a batch of logged bandit feedback, the discrepancy between the policy to be learned and the off-policy training data imposes statistical and computational challenges. Unlike classical supervised learning and online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Yuan Xie , Boyi Liu , Qiang Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Yuan Zhou , Jian Peng

The world is filled with a wide variety of objects. For robots to be useful, they need the ability to find arbitrary objects described by people. In this paper, we present LeLaN(Learning Language-conditioned Navigation policy), a novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Noriaki Hirose , Catherine Glossop , Ajay Sridhar , Dhruv Shah , Oier Mees , Sergey Levine

Labeling data is one of the most costly processes in machine learning pipelines. Active learning is a standard approach to alleviating this problem. Pool-based active learning first builds a pool of unlabelled data and iteratively selects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Ryoma Sato

In some applications of reinforcement learning, a dataset of pre-collected experience is already available but it is also possible to acquire some additional online data to help improve the quality of the policy. However, it may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Ruiqi Zhang , Andrea Zanette

In networked environments, users frequently share recommendations about content, products, services, and courses of action with others. The extent to which such recommendations are successful and adopted is highly contextual, dependent on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ahmed Sayeed Faruk , Mohammad Shahverdikondori , Elena Zheleva

We consider the problem of contextual bandits and imitation learning, where the learner lacks direct knowledge of the executed action's reward. Instead, the learner can actively query an expert at each round to compare two actions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan , Wen Sun , Runzhe Wu

Motivated by practical needs of experimentation and policy learning in online platforms, we study the problem of safe data collection. Specifically, our goal is to develop a logging policy that efficiently explores different actions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Ruihao Zhu , Branislav Kveton

Contextual bandit learning is an increasingly popular approach to optimizing recommender systems via user feedback, but can be slow to converge in practice due to the need for exploring a large feature space. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Yisong Yue , Sue Ann Hong , Carlos Guestrin

Contextual bandit learning is a reinforcement learning problem where the learner repeatedly receives a set of features (context), takes an action and receives a reward based on the action and context. We consider this problem under a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-05 Alekh Agarwal , Miroslav Dudík , Satyen Kale , John Langford , Robert E. Schapire

We introduce the cram method as a general statistical framework for evaluating the final learned policy from a multi-armed contextual bandit algorithm, using the dataset generated by the same bandit algorithm. The proposed on-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zeyang Jia , Kosuke Imai , Michael Lingzhi Li

The standard contextual bandit framework assumes fully observable and actionable contexts. In this work, we consider a new bandit setting with partially observable, correlated contexts and linear payoffs, motivated by the applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Sihan Zeng , Sujay Bhatt , Alec Koppel , Sumitra Ganesh

Despite their success in many domains, large language models (LLMs) remain under-studied in scenarios requiring optimal decision-making under uncertainty. This is crucial as many real-world applications, ranging from personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Allen Nie , Yi Su , Bo Chang , Jonathan N. Lee , Ed H. Chi , Quoc V. Le , Minmin Chen
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