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We discuss properties of oscillatory convective modes in low-mass red giants, and compare them with observed properties of the long secondary periods (LSPs) of semi-regular red giant variables. Oscillatory convective modes are very…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-14 Hideyuki Saio , Peter R. Wood , Masaki Takayama , Yoshifusa Ita

We present period-luminosity relations for more than 3,200 red variable stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud observed in the second phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-II). Periods of multiply-periodic light curve…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. L. Kiss , T. Bedding

Sequence E variables are close binary red giants that show ellipsoidal light variations. They are likely to terminate their red giant evolution by a common envelope (CE) event when the red giant fills its Roche lobe, and produce close…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-21 J. D. Nie , P. R. Wood , C. P. Nicholls

We briefly review the phenomenon of long secondary periods (LSPs) in red giants, and the LSP variable stars classification introduced in the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) variable star catalog; they are red giant Long…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-13 John R. Percy , Mayank H. Shenoy

30$\%$--50$\%$ of the luminous pulsating red-giant stars show light variations of a longer period than the pulsation periods. Those periods are called long secondary periods (LSP). There has been debated for many years but the origin of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-08 Masaki Takayama

One hundred and forty six long-period red variable stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) from the three year MOA project database were analysed. A careful periodic analysis was performed on these stars and a catalogue of their…

At least a third of red giants show a long secondary period (LSP), 5 to 10 times longer than the pulsation period. There is strong evidence that the LSP is caused by eclipses of the red giant by a dust-enshrouded low-mass companion. We have…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-05 John Percy , Melanie Szpigiel

Period-luminosity (PL) relations of variable red giants in the Large (LMC) and Small Magellanic Clouds (SMC) are presented. The PL diagrams are plotted in three planes: logP-K_S, logP-W_{JK}, and logP-W_I. Fourteen PL sequences are…

Motivated by the detection of a recent outburst of the massive luminous blue variable LMC-R71, which reached an absolute magnitude M_V = -9.3 mag, we undertook a systematic study of the optical variability of 1268 massive stars in the Large…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 D. M. Szczygiel , K. Z. Stanek , A. Z. Bonanos , G. Pojmanski , B. Pilecki , J. L. Prieto

We have performed a cross-identification between OGLE-II data and single-epoch SIRIUS JHK survey data in the LMC and SMC. After eliminating obvious spurious variables, we determined the pulsation periods for 9,681 and 2,927 variables in the…

Long-period variability in luminous red giants has several promising applications, all of which require models able to accurately predict pulsation periods. Linear pulsation models have proven successful in reproducing the observed periods…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 Michele Trabucchi , Peter R. Wood , Nami Mowlavi , Giada Pastorelli , Paola Marigo , Léo Girardi , Thomas Lebzelter

The long secondary period (LSP) phenomenon, which is commonly observed in pulsating red giants, has not been detected in any Mira yet. The goal of this paper is to verify, if there is a physical reason for this or if it is simply an…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-11 Michal Pawlak

We have analysed publicly available MACHO observations of 6833 variable stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud, classified as eclipsing binaries. After finding that a significant fraction of the sample was misclassified, we redetermined…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Derekas , L. L. Kiss , T. R. Bedding

(abridged) Variability is a key property of stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). Their pulsation period is related to the luminosity and mass-loss rate (MLR) of the star. Long-period variables (LPVs) and Mira variables are the most…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-30 Martin Groenewegen

I present details of the variations of several hundred red giant stars on time scales of a few hours to a few days from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of a low-extinction galactic bulge sample from an intensive seven day…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ronald L. Gilliland

The latest Gaia Focused Product Release (FPR) provided variability information for $\sim$1000 long-period red giant binaries, the largest sample to date of this binary type having both photometric and spectroscopic time series observations.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-09 Camila Navarrete , Alejandra Recio-Blanco , Patrick de Laverny , Ana Escorza

[abbreviated] Long Secondary Periods (LSPs) are observed in about one third of pulsating red giants yet remain unexplained. Four key observational constraints anchor the discussion: (i) a roughly 30 percent occurrence rate in semi-regular…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Leen Decin , Owen Vermeulen , Mats Esseldeurs , Florian Driessen , Camille Landri , Davide Dionese , Lionel Siess , Dorota M. Skowron

In order to extend our previous studies of the unexplained phenomenon of cyclic amplitude variations in pulsating red giants, we have used the AAVSO time-series analysis package VSTAR to analyze long-term AAVSO visual observations of 50…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-29 John R. Percy , Jennifer Laing

Approximately four thousand light curves of red variable stars in the LMC were selected from the 2.3-years duration MOA database by a period analysis using the Phase Dispersion Minimization method. Their optical features (amplitudes,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-27 Sachiyo Noda , Mine Takeuti

We present analysis of the large sample of variable red giants from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds detected during the second phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-II) and supplemented with OGLE-III photometry.…