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Introduced in [CG24], pseudorandom error-correcting codes (PRCs) are a new cryptographic primitive with applications in watermarking generative AI models. These are codes where a collection of polynomially many codewords is computationally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Surendra Ghentiyala , Venkatesan Guruswami

Recently, researchers have been working toward the development of practical general-purpose protocols for verifiable computation. These protocols enable a computationally weak verifier to offload computations to a powerful but untrusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Justin Thaler

Uniform proofs are sequent calculus proofs with the following characteristic: the last step in the derivation of a complex formula at any stage in the proof is always the introduction of the top-level logical symbol of that formula. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-17 Gopalan Nadathur

Cryptographic primitives have been used for various non-cryptographic objectives, such as eliminating or reducing randomness and interaction. We show how to use cryptography to improve the time complexity of solving computational problems.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Or Zamir

For a broad class of input-output maps, arguments based on the coding theorem from algorithmic information theory (AIT) predict that simple (low Kolmogorov complexity) outputs are exponentially more likely to occur upon uniform random…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-10-03 Kamaludin Dingle , Guillermo Valle Pérez , Ard A. Louis

We consider a class of two-prover interactive proof systems where each prover returns a single bit to the verifier and the verifier's verdict is a function of the XOR of the two bits received. We show that, when the provers are allowed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-11 Richard Cleve , William Slofstra , Falk Unger , Sarvagya Upadhyay

One of the elegant achievements in the history of proof theory is the characterization of the provably total recursive functions of an arithmetical theory by its proof-theoretic ordinal as a way to measure the time complexity of the…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Amirhossein Akbar Tabatabai

We construct the first (locally computable, approximately) locally list decodable codes with rate, efficiency, and error tolerance approaching the information theoretic limit, a core regime of interest for the complexity theoretic task of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yotam Dikstein , Max Hopkins , Russell Impagliazzo , Toniann Pitassi

We prove conservativity results for weak K\H{o}nig's lemma that extend the celebrated result of Harrington (for $\Pi^1_1$-statements) and are somewhat orthogonal to the extension by Simpson, Tanaka and Yamazaki (for statements of the form…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Anton Freund , Patrick Uftring

Generalized Zeckendorf decompositions are expansions of integers as sums of elements of solutions to recurrence relations. The simplest cases are base-$b$ expansions, and the standard Zeckendorf decomposition uses the Fibonacci sequence.…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Iddo Ben-Ari , Steven J. Miller

Lightweight cryptography is a key tool for building strong security solutions for pervasive devices with limited resources. Due to the stringent cost constraints inherent in extremely large applications (ranging from RFIDs and smart cards…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Sihem Mesnager , Kwang Ho Kim , Dujin Jo , Junyop Choe , Munhyon Han , Dok Nam Lee

Despite significant progress in post-hoc explanation methods for neural networks, many remain heuristic and lack provable guarantees. A key approach for obtaining explanations with provable guarantees is by identifying a cardinally-minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Shahaf Bassan , Yizhak Yisrael Elboher , Tobias Ladner , Volkan Şahin , Jan Kretinsky , Matthias Althoff , Guy Katz

The proofs of K. Oka's Coherence Theorems are based on Weierstrass' Preparation (division) Theorem. Here we formulate and prove a Weak Coherence Theorem without using Weierstrass' Preparation Theorem, but only with power series expansions:…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2018-07-24 Junjiro Noguchi

We propose a generalization of Zhandry's compressed oracle method to random permutations, where an algorithm can query both the permutation and its inverse. We show how to use the resulting oracle simulation to bound the success probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Christian Majenz , Giulio Malavolta , Michael Walter

We study an LCM-based analogue of Rowland's GCD-based prime-generating recurrence, introduced by the author in 2008. The multiplicative increments of this sequence are conjectured always to be $1$ or prime, but a complete proof requires a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Benoit Cloitre

In this work, we propose a new bounded arithmetic theory, denoted $APX_1$, designed to formalize a broad class of probabilistic arguments commonly used in theoretical computer science. Under plausible assumptions, $APX_1$ is strictly weaker…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Lijie Chen , Jiatu Li , Igor C. Oliveira , Ryan Williams

The detectability lemma is a useful tool for probing the structure of gapped ground states of frustration-free Hamiltonians of lattice spin models. The lemma provides an estimate on the error incurred by approximating the ground space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-01 Anurag Anshu , Itai Arad , Thomas Vidick

This is a survey on propositional proof complexity aimed at introducing the basics of the field with a particular focus on a method known as feasible interpolation. This method is used to construct "hard theorems" for several proof systems…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Amirhossein Akbar Tabatabai

We introduce two algorithms for computing tight guarantees on the probabilistic robustness of Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs). Computing robustness guarantees for BNNs is a significantly more challenging task than verifying the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Ben Batten , Mehran Hosseini , Alessio Lomuscio

Large-scale verifiable prompts underpin the success of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), but they contain many uninformative examples and are costly to expand further. Recent studies focus on better exploiting limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xin Xu , Clive Bai , Kai Yang , Tianhao Chen , Yangkun Chen , Weijie Liu , Hao Chen , Yang Wang , Saiyong Yang , Can Yang