Related papers: Gauge invariant hydrogen atom Hamiltonian
A theory of transformation is presented for the diagonalization of a Hamiltonian that is quadratic in creation and annihilation operators or in coordinates and momenta. It is the systemization and theorization of Dirac and…
Perturbation theory with respect to the kinetic energy of the heavy component of a two-component quantum system is introduced. An effective Hamiltonian that is accurate to second order in the inverse heavy mass is derived. It contains a new…
We prove that the {\em gauge dependent} gluon spin, gluon and quark orbital angular momenta operators have {\em gauge invariant} expectation values on hadron states with {\em definite} momentum and polarization, therefore the conventional…
Extending the Feynman-Kleinert variational approach, we calculate the temperature-dependent effective classical potential governing the quantum statistics of a hydrogen atom in a uniform magnetic at all temperatures. The zero-temperature…
Most classical mechanical systems are based on dynamical variables whose values are real numbers. Energy conservation is then guaranteed if the dynamical equations are phrased in terms of a Hamiltonian function, which then leads to…
The minimal Hamiltonian for a family of relativistic rotators is constructed by a direct application of the Dirac procedure for constrained systems. The Hamiltonian equations can be easily solved. It is found that the resulting motion is…
We address and solve the long-standing gauge-invariance problem of the nucleon spin structure. Explicitly gauge-invariant spin and orbital angular momentum operators of quarks and gluons are obtained. This was previously thought to be an…
The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…
The four (electro-magnetic, weak, strong and gravitational) interactions are described by singular Lagrangians and by Dirac-Bergmann theory of Hamiltonian constraints. As a consequence a subset of the original configuration variables are…
Dealing with a generic time-local non-Markovian master equation, we define current and power to be process-dependent as in classical thermodynamics. Each process is characterized by a symmetry transformation, a gauge of the master equation,…
We describe a mechanism for transport of energy in a mechanical system consisting of a pendulum and a rotator subject to a random perturbation. The perturbation that we consider is the product of a Hamiltonian vector field and a scalar,…
We present a time-dependent extension of logarithmic perturbation theory for nonrelativistic quantum dynamics governed by the Schr\"odinger equation, in which the logarithm of the wave function is expanded in powers of a coupling constant.…
Time-dependent light-matter interactions are a widespread means by which to describe controllable experimental operations. They can be viewed as an approximation in which a third system - the control system - is treated as external within…
We propose a scheme to deal with certain time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian operators $H(t)$ that generate a real phase in their time-evolution. This involves the use of invariant operators $I_{PH}(t)$ that are pseudo-Hermitian with…
We consider a charged particle which is driven by a time-dependent flux threading a circular ring system. Various approaches including classical treatment, Fourier expansion method, time-evolution method, and Lewis-Riesenfeld method are…
In a companion paper, we have developed a phase-space electronic structure theory of molecules in magnetic fields, whereby the electronic energy levels arise from diagonalizing a phase-space Hamiltonian $\hat H_{PS}(\bf{X},\bf{\Pi})$ that…
It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However, we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular…
We analyze the problem of spin decomposition for an interacting system from a natural perspective of constructing angular momentum eigenstates. We split, from the total angular momentum operator, a proper part which can be separately…
Motivation : Several theoretical comparisons with experimental data have recently pointed out that the mass tensor of the collective Bohr Hamiltonian cannot be considered as a constant and should be taken as a function of the collective…
Solutions to explicit time-dependent problems in quantum mechanics are rare. In fact, all known solutions are coupled to specific properties of the Hamiltonian and may be divided into two categories: One class consists of time-dependent…