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Related papers: Covariant and Contravariant Vectors

200 papers

One way of describing gauge theories in physics is to assign a vector space $V_{x}$ to each space time point $x.$ For each $x$ the field $\psi$ takes values $\psi(x)$ in $V_{x}.$ The freedom to choose a basis in each $V_{x}$ introduces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-20 Paul Benioff

This paper develops an agent-centric account of measurement that treats the preferred-basis problem is fundamentally perspectival. On this view, the system--apparatus--environment decomposition and the observables that are apt to become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Peter W. Evans

According to quantum theory, pure physical states correspond to equivalence classes of state vectors, where any two members of one class differ by a complex factor. The point is that such a factor does not change the probability for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-06 Ulrich Mutze

The concept of supersymmetry in a quantum mechanical system is extended, permitting the recognition of many more supersymmetric systems, including very familiar ones such as the free particle. Its spectrum is shown to be supersymmetric,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. R. P. Rau

Decoherence may not solve all of the measurement problems of quantum mechanics. It is proposed that a solution to these problems may be to allow that superpositions describe physically real systems in the following sense. Each quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Merriam

We introduce the notion of a weighted $\delta$-vector of a lattice polytope. Although the definition is motivated by motivic integration, we study weighted $\delta$-vectors from a combinatorial perspective. We present a version of Ehrhart…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-07-10 Alan Stapledon

The objectivity is a basic requirement for the measurements in the classical world, namely, different observers must reach a consensus on their measurement results, so that they believe that the object exists "objectively" since whoever…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-04 Sheng-Wen Li , C. Y. Cai , X. F. Liu , C. P. Sun

We study the physical content of the PT-symmetric complex extension of quantum mechanics as proposed in Bender et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5243 (1998) and 89, 270401 (2002), and show that as a fundamental probabilistic physical theory it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ali Mostafazadeh

The mathematical representation of the physical objects determines which mathematical branch will be applied during the physical analysis in the systems studied. The difference among non-quantum physics, like classic or relativistic…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrique Ordaz Romay

We show that the orthogonal projection operator onto the range of the adjoint of a linear operator $T$ can be represented as $UT,$ where $U$ is an invertible linear operator. Using this representation we obtain a decomposition of a Normal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-09 Rajeshwari Majumdar , Suman Majumdar

Quantum information refers to the distinctive information-processing properties of quantum systems, which arise when information is stored in or retrieved from nonorthogonal quantum states. More information is required to prepare an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlton M. Caves , Christopher A. Fuchs

We explain how the kind of ``parallel transport'' of a wavefunction used in discussing the Berry or Geometrical phase induces the conventional parallel transport of certain real vectors. These real vectors are associated with operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 J. Anandan , L. Stodolsky

Some inequalities for probability vector are discussed. The probability representation of quantum mechanics where the states are mapped onto probability vectors (either finite or infinite dimensional) called the state tomograms is used.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-26 V. N. Chernega , V. I. Man'ko

How to manage coherence as a continuous variable quantum resource is still an open question. We face this situation from the very definition of incoherent states in quadrature basis. We apply several measures of coherence for some physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Laura Ares , Alfredo Luis

We study a physically motivated representation of an algebra of operators in gravitational and non gravitational theories called the covariant representation of an algebra. This is a representation where the symmetries of the operator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-29 Eyoab Bahiru

We consider the set of pairs of orthogonal vectors in Hilbert space, which is also called the cross because it is the union of the horizontal and vertical axes in the Euclidean plane when the underlying space is the real line. Crosses,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-04 Heinz H. Bauschke , Manish Krishan Lal , Xianfu Wang

We introduce a geometric formulation of quantum indeterminacy from which the standard uncertainty inequalities emerge as necessary consequences. Our approach is based on convex geometry in phase space and on methods from symplectic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Maurice de Gosson

We extend vector formalism by including it in the algebra of split octonions, which we treat as the universal algebra to describe physical signals. The new geometrical interpretation of the products of octonionic basis units is presented.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Merab Gogberashvili

A variational principle is applied to 4D Euclidean space provided with a tensor refractive index, defining what can be seen as 4-dimensional optics (4DO). The geometry of such space is analysed, making no physical assumptions of any kind.…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose B. Almeida

Do correctness and completeness of quantum mechanics jointly imply that quantum state vectors are necessarily in one-to-one correspondence with elements of the physical reality? In terms of category theory, such a correspondence would stand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-26 Arkady Bolotin