Related papers: Covariant and Contravariant Vectors
In a finite dimensional Hilbert space, each normalized vector (state) can be chosen as a member of an orthonormal basis of the space. We give a proof of this statement in a manner that seems to be more comprehensible for physics students…
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a family of inner products in a finite-dimensional vector space $V$ over an arbitrary field $\mathbb{K}$ to have an orthogonal basis relative to all the inner products. Some applications to…
In a previous paper [1] it was discussed the viability of functional analysis using as a basis a couple of generic functions, and hence vectorial decomposition. Here we complete the paradigm exploiting one of the analysis methodologies…
A real vector space combined with an inverse for vectors is sufficient to define a vector continued fraction whose parameters consist of vector shifts and changes of scale. The choice of sign for different components of the vector inverse…
We present a generally covariant approach to quantum mechanics in which generalized positions, momenta and time variables are treated as coordinates on a fundamental "phase-spacetime." We show that this covariant starting point makes…
Paravectors just like integers have a ring structure. By introducing an integrated product we get geometric properties which make paravectors similar to vectors. The concepts of parallelism, perpendicularity and the angle are conceptually…
We present a set of necessary conditions for the existence of a biorthonormal basis composed of eigenvectors of non-Hermitian operators. As an illustration, we examine these conditions in the case of normal operators. We also provide a…
The inverse problem of calculus of variations and $s$-equivalence are re-examined by using results obtained from non-commutative geometry ideas. The role played by the structure of the modified Poisson brackets is discussed in a general…
The invariant theory of Killing tensors (ITKT) is extended by introducing the new concepts of covariants and joint invariants of (product) vector spaces of Killing tensors defined in pseudo-Riemannian spaces of constant curvature. The…
Parseval frames can be thought of as redundant or linearly dependent coordinate systems for Hilbert spaces, and have important applications in such areas as signal processing, data compression, and sampling theory. We extend the notion of a…
Geometric algebra is the natural outgrowth of the concept of a vector and the addition of vectors. After reviewing the properties of the addition of vectors, a multiplication of vectors is introduced in such a way that it encodes the famous…
This paper introduces vector copulas associated with multivariate distributions with given multivariate marginals, based on the theory of measure transportation, and establishes a vector version of Sklar's theorem. The latter provides a…
We give in this paper which is the fifth in a series of eight a theory of covariant derivatives of multivector and extensor fields based on the geometric calculus of an arbitrary smooth manifold M, and the notion of a connection extensor…
Geometric torsions are torsions of acyclic complexes of vector spaces which consist of differentials of geometric quantities assigned to the elements of a manifold triangulation. We use geometric torsions to construct invariants for a…
In this work we investigate the representation of counterfactual conditionals using the vector logic, a matrix-vectors formalism for logical functions and truth values. Inside this formalism, the counterfactuals can be transformed in…
A covariant scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory is developed which allows the gravitational constant $G$, a vector field coupling $\omega$ and the vector field mass $\mu$ to vary with space and time. The equations of motion for a test…
A quantum physical projector is proposed for generally covariant theories which are derivable from a Lagrangian. The projector is the quantum analogue of the integral over the generators of finite one-parameter subgroups of the gauge…
It is shown that the nature of physical time requires the extended phase-space in mechanics to have a bundle structure with time as the 1-dimensional base manifold and the phase space as the fiber. This bundle picture of the extended phase…
Recently, it has been argued that quantum mechanics is complete, and that quantum states vectors are necessarily in one-to-one correspondence with the elements of reality, under the assumptions that quantum theory is correct and that…
Representation theory provides a suitable framework to count and classify invariants in tensor models. We show that there are two natural ways of counting invariants, one for arbitrary rank of the gauge group and a second, which is only…