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Cosmic neutrino events detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory with energy $\gtrsim 30$ TeV have poor angular resolutions to reveal their origin. Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), with better angular resolutions at $>60$ EeV…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-19 Reetanjali Moharana , Soebur Razzaque

The distribution of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray arrival directions appears to be nearly isotropic except for a dipole moment of order $6 \times (E/10~\mathrm{EeV})$ per cent. Nonetheless, at the highest energies, as the number of possible…

The origin of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is an open question. In this proceeding, we first review the general physical requirements that a source must meet for acceleration to 10-100 EeV, including the consideration that the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 James H. Matthews , Anthony R. Bell , Anabella T. Araudo , Katherine M. Blundell

The origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays remains a mystery. The lack of a high energy cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum together with an apparently isotropic distribution of arrival directions have strongly constrained most models…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-03 A. V. Olinto

We considered propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) through the galaxy. We investigated models with sources of UHECR distributed in the same way as Cold Dark Matter (CDM) in a self-consistent way, taking into account both…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 O. E. Kalashev , V. A. Kuzmin , D. V. Semikoz

Recent studies, supported by updated hadronic interaction models, suggest that the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays may be heavier than previously assumed. This has significant implications for source identification, as the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-09 Alena Bakalová , Ana Laura Müller , Jakub Vícha

The recent results of the Pierre Auger Observatory on the possible correlation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays events and several nearby discrete sources could be the starting point of a new era with charged particles astronomy. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-06-04 R. Aloisio , D. Boncioli

We develop the statistical methods for comparing two sets of arrival directions of cosmic rays in which the two-dimensional distribution of arrival directions is reduced to the one-dimensional distributions so that the standard…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-03-18 Hang Bae Kim , Jihyun Kim

Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the highest energy messenger from space, with energies exceeding 1 EeV. Although UHECRs were discovered over 60 years ago, their origin still remains a mystery. Pinpointing sources of UHECRs is…

If ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have extragalactic origins, as is widely assumed to be the case at least for the majority of cosmic rays with energies above a few EeV, secondary neutrinos and photons can be expected to be produced…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Roberto Aloisio , Denise Boncioli , Armando di Matteo , Carmelo Evoli , Aurelio F. Grillo , Sergio Petrera

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) model for production of ultra-high-energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) is based on the hypothesis that GRBs arise from the dissipation of the kinetic energy of relativistic fireballs at cosmological distances. Recent GRB…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 E. Waxman

Recent results from the Pierre Auger Collaboration have shown that the composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) becomes gradually heavier with increasing energy. Although gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been promising sources of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-02 B. Theodore Zhang , Kohta Murase , Shigeo S. Kimura , Shunsaku Horiuchi , Peter Mészáros

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays $($UHECRs$)$ remains a mystery. It has been suggested that UHECRs can be produced by the stochastic acceleration in relativistic jets of gamma-ray bursts $($GRBs$)$ at the early afterglow phase.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-17 Ze-Lin Zhang , Ruo-Yu Liu , Xiang-Yu Wang

Simple arguments concerning power and acceleration efficiency show that ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRS) with energies >~ 10^{19} eV could originate from GRBs. Neutrons formed through photo-pion production processes in GRB blast waves…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 C. D. Dermer

The origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background is a pressing cosmological mystery. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has recently measured the intensity and spectrum of this background; both are substantially different from previous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-16 Brian D. Fields , Vasiliki Pavlidou , Tijana Prodanovic

The year 2007 has furnished us with outstanding results about the origin of the most energetic cosmic rays: a flux suppression as expected from the GZK-effect has been observed in the data of the HiRes and Auger experiments and correlations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Karl-Heinz Kampert

Possible extragalactic sources of cosmic rays at energies above 4*10^{19} eV detected with the Yakutsk array are sought. Correlation of the shower arrival directions with objects from Veron's catalog that are located closer than 100 Mpc…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 A. A. Ivanov

We estimate the local number density of sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) based on the statistical features of their arrival direction distribution. We calculate the arrival distributions of protons above $10^{19}$ eV taking…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hajime Takami , Katsuhiko Sato

The origin and nature of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) remain unsolved in contemporary astroparticle physics. To give an answer to these questions is rather challenging because of the extremely low flux of a few per km$^2$ per…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-10 Mario Bertaina , JEM-EUSO Collaboration

Motivated by recent Pierre Auger result on the correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the nearby active galactic nuclei, we explore possible ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) source distributions and their effects on GZK…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-05-08 Chia-Chun Lu , Guey-Lin Lin