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Related papers: Giant planet formation in the framework of the cor…

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Observations point to a correlation between outer giants and inner sub-Neptunes, unexplained by simulations so far. We utilize N-body simulations including pebble and gas accretion as well as planetary migration to investigate how the gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-21 Bertram Bitsch , Andre Izidoro

We use resistive magnetohydrodynamical simulations with the nested grid technique to study the formation of protoplanetary disks around protostars from molecular cloud cores that provide the realistic environments for planet formation. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Masahiro N. Machida , Tomoaki Matsumoto

Exoplanet observations have shown that the occurrence and orbital architectures of close-in super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are shaped by the presence of outer gas giant planets. This influence may emerge during the formation stage or from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Marcela Best , Antranik A. Sefilian , Carolina Charalambous , Kedron Silsbee , Cristobal Petrovich

We address two outstanding issues in the sequential accretion scenario for gas giant planet formation, the retention of dust grains in the presence of gas drag and that of cores despite type I migration. The efficiency of these processes is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Shigeru Ida , D. N. C. Lin

During the formation of rocky planets, the surface environments of growing protoplanets were dramatically different from those of present-day planets. The release of gravitational energy during accretion would have maintained a molten…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-17 Haruya Maeda , Takanori Sasaki

The exploration of carbon-to-oxygen ratios has yielded intriguing insights into the composition of close-in giant exoplanets, giving rise to a distinct classification: carbon-rich planets, characterized by a carbon-to-oxygen ratio $\ge$ 1…

Kepler has identified over 600 multiplanet systems, many of which have several planets with orbital distances smaller than that of Mercury -- quite different from the Solar System. Because these systems may be difficult to explain in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Kevin C. Schlaufman

The composition of giant planets' atmospheres is an important tracer of their formation history. While many theoretical studies investigate the heavy-element accretion within a gaseous protoplanetary disk, the possibility of solid accretion…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 S. Shibata , R. Helled

Direct imaging searches have begun to detect planetary and brown dwarf companions and to place constraints on the presence of giant planets at large separations from their host star. This work helps to motivate such planet searches by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Dimitri Veras , Justin R. Crepp , Eric B. Ford

We have investigated the problem of the distribution of both masses and orbital radii of planets resulting from the gas-accretion, gas-capture model. First we followed the evolution of gas and solids from the moment where all solids are in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Kacper Kornet , Sebastian Wolf

In the Nice model of solar system formation, Uranus and Neptune undergo an orbital upheaval, sweeping through a planetesimal disk. The region of the disk from which material is accreted by the ice giants during this phase of their evolution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-17 Eva Zlimen , Elizabeth Bailey , Ruth Murray-Clay

We review results about protoplanetary disk models, protoplanet migration and formation of giant planets with migrating cores. We first model the protoplanetary nebula as an \alpha-accretion disk and present steady state calculations for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-23 C. Terquem , J. Papaloizou , R. Nelson

To date, there is no core accretion simulation that can successfully account for the formation of Uranus or Neptune within the observed 2-3 Myr lifetimes of protoplanetary disks. Since solid accretion rate is directly proportional to the…

Within the general framework of core-nucleated accretion theory of giant planet formation, the conglomeration of massive gaseous envelopes is facilitated by a transient period of rapid accumulation of nebular material. While the concurrent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-18 Konstantin Batygin

Giant planets are thought to have cores in their deep interiors, and the division into a heavy-element core and hydrogen-helium envelope is applied in both formation and structure models. We show that the primordial internal structure…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-03 Ravit Helled , David Stevenson

Giant planets acquire gas, ices and rocks during the early formation stages of planetary systems and thus inform us on the formation process itself. Proceeding from inside out, examining the connections between the deep interiors and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-10 Tristan Guillot , Leigh N. Fletcher , Ravit Helled , Masahiro Ikoma , Michael R. Line , Vivien Parmentier

Planet formation occurs around a wide range of stellar masses and stellar system architectures. An improved understanding of the formation process can be achieved by studying it across the full parameter space, particularly toward the…

We have studied planetary systems which are similar to the Solar System and built up from three inner rocky planets (Venus, Earth, Mars) and two outer gas giants. The stability of the orbits of the inner planets is discussed in the cases of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Vera Dobos , Imre Nagy , Judit Orgoványi

The dissociation and ionization of hydrogen, during the formation of giant planets via core accretion, reduces the effective adiabatic index $\gamma$ of the gas and could trigger dynamical instability. We generalize the analysis of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Suman Kumar Kundu , Eric R. Coughlin , Andrew N. Youdin , Philip J. Armitage

In models of planetary accretion, pebbles form by dust coagulation and rapidly migrate toward the central star. Planetesimals may continuously form from pebbles over the age of the protoplanetary disk by yet uncertain mechanisms. Meanwhile,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-17 Ryuji Morishima