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We consider an alternative formula for time delay in gravitational lensing. Imposing a smoothness condition on the gravitationally deformed paths followed by the photons from the source to the observer, we show that our formula displays the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Nicola Alchera , Marco Bonici , Roberta Cardinale , Alba Domi , Nicola Maggiore , Chiara Righi , Silvano Tosi

An overview is given on those theoretical gravitational lensing results that can be formulated in a spacetime setting, without assuming that the gravitational fields are weak and that the bending angles are small. The first part is devoted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 Volker Perlick

In this paper we review and build on the common methods used to analyze null geodesics in Schwarzschild de Sitter space. We present a general technique which allows finding measurable intersection angles of null trajectories analytically,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-23 Dmitri Lebedev , Kayll Lake

The influence of plasma on different effects of gravitational lensing is reviewed. Using the Hamiltonian approach for geometrical optics in a medium in the presence of gravity, an exact formula for the photon deflection angle by a black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-31 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , O. Yu. Tsupko

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of weak gravitational lensing and its current applications in cosmology. We begin by introducing the fundamental concepts of gravitational lensing and derive the key equations for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-06 J. Prat , D. Bacon

The gravitational lensing effects in the weak gravitational field by exotic lenses have been investigated intensively to find nonluminous exotic objects. Gravitational lensing based on 1/r^n fall-off metric, as a one-parameter model that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-25 Naoki Tsukamoto , Takao Kitamura , Koki Nakajima , Hideki Asada

This paper reviews a phenomenological approach to the gravitational lensing by exotic objects such as the Ellis wormhole lens, where exotic lens objects may follow a non-standard form of the equation of state or may obey a modified gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-07 Hideki Asada

The 0th order of affine perturbation series of the deflection angle of a ray near a photon sphere is more accurate than a deflection angle in a strong deflection limit, which is used often, because the later has hidden error terms. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-14 Naoki Tsukamoto

The new method of invariant definition of the measurable angle of light deflection in the static central symmetric gravitational field is suggested. The predicted pure gravitational contribution to the deflection angle slightly differs from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Tertychniy

In this paper we have investigated the gravitational lensing in a spherically symmetric spacetime with torsion in the generalized Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama (ECKS) theory of gravity by considering higher order terms. The torsion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-07 Lu Zhang , Songbai Chen , Jiliang Jing

We study gravitational lensing by a recently proposed black hole solution in Loop Quantum Gravity. We highlight the fact that the quantum gravity corrections to the Schwarzschild metric in this model evade the `mass suppression' effects…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-16 Satyabrata Sahu , Kinjalk Lochan , D. Narasimha

The theory of gravitational lensing has revealed many generic and fundamental properties of compact objects like black holes and wormholes. In this article, we utilize a recent formulation to compute the quantum effects on the deflection…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-11 Kimet Jusufi , Farook Rahaman , Ayan Banerjee

In this article, we study regular scale-dependent black holes as gravitational lenses. We obtain the deflection angle in the strong deflection limit, from which we calculate the positions and the magnifications of the relativistic images.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-11 Carlos M. Sendra

In this article, we develop a formalism which is different from the standard lensing scenario and is necessary for understanding lensing by gravitational fields which arise as solutions of the effective Einstein equations on the brane. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-30 Supratik Pal , Sayan Kar

We analyze gravitational lensing in a matched Kottler spacetime with cosmological constant $\Lambda$, where a uniform-density fluid sphere described by the interior Kottler solution is smoothly joined to the exterior Kottler region. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-29 Mourad Guenouche

The effect of currents of mass on bending of light rays is considered in the weak field regime. Following Fermat's principle and the standard theory of gravitational lensing, we derive the gravitomagnetic correction to time delay function…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Sereno

Gravitational lensing by a spinning deflector in translational motion relative to the observer is discussed in the weak field, slow motion approximation. The effect of rotation, which generates an intrinsic gravito-magnetic field, separates…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Sereno

In this paper, we address a theoretical investigation of the gravitational lensing phenomenon within the space-time framework of a holonomy-corrected spherically symmetric black hole (BH), incorporating both ordinary and phantom global…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-11 Faizuddin Ahmed

In the present work, we theoretically investigate light deflection in the weak and strong field regimes for two regular spacetimes with corrections from loop quantum gravity. We treat analytically the expansions for both limits and use them…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-19 A. R. Soares , C. F. S. Pereira , R. L. L. Vitória , Marcos V. de S. Silva , H. Belich

Compact objects with magnetic dipole are considered as gravitational lenses. The presence of strong magnetic field near the photon sphere can affect the trajectory of light. We compute the deflection angle near the photon sphere on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-03 Jin Young Kim