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During the last decade, much attention has been paid to language competition in the complex systems community, that is, how the fractions of speakers of several competing languages evolve in time. In this paper we review recent advances in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-06-15 M. Patriarca , X. Castelló , J. R. Uriarte , V. M. Eguíluz , M. San Miguel

Motivated by the dramatic disappearance of endangered languages observed in recent years, a great deal of attention has been given to the modeling of language competition in order to understand the factors that promote the disappearance of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-01-09 Christos Charalambous , David Sanchez , Raul Toral

We consider a modification of the voter model in which a set of interacting elements (agents) can be in either of two equivalent states (A or B) or in a third additional mixed AB state. The model is motivated by studies of language…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-09-10 Xavier Castelló , Víctor M. Eguíluz , Maxi San Miguel

An in-depth analytic study of a model of language dynamics is presented: a model which tackles the problem of the coexistence of two languages within a closed community of speakers taking into account bilingualism and incorporating a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-02-19 Victoria Otero-Espinar , Luís F. Seoane , Juan J. Nieto , Jorge Mira

Indirect competition emerged from the complex organization of human societies, and knowledge of the existing network topology may aid in developing effective strategies for success. Here, we propose an agent-based model of competition with…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-06-28 Erika Fille Legara , Anthony Longjas , Rene Batac

We investigate the evolution of competing languages, a subject where much previous literature suggests that the outcome is always the domination of one language over all the others. Since coexistence of languages is observed in reality, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-21 Jean-Marc Luck , Anita Mehta

We propose a threshold model of language competition which includes intermediate bilingual state. The model is based on the Minett-Wang model but through the introduction of thresholds in the language shift rates it incorporates the effects…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-21 Mikhail V. Tamm , Els Heinsalu , Stefano Scialla , Marco Patriarca

Inspired by language competition processes, we present a model of coupled evolution of node and link states. In particular, we focus on the interplay between the use of a language and the preference or attitude of the speakers towards it,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-05 Adrián Carro , Raúl Toral , Maxi San Miguel

Recent contributions address the problem of language coexistence as that of two species competing to aggregate speakers, thus focusing on the dynamics of linguistic traits across populations. They draw inspiration from physics and biology…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-04-03 Luís F Seoane , Jorge Mira

Recently, individual-based models originally used for biological purposes revealed interesting insights into processes of the competition of languages. Within this new field of population dynamics a model considering sexual populations with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-26 Veit Schwämmle

In order to analyze the dynamics of two languages in competition, one approach is to fit historical data on their numbers of speakers with a mathematical model in which the parameters are interpreted as the similarity between those…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 Jorge Mira , Luís F. Seoane , Juan J. Nieto

We examine a variant of the Naming Game, where agents having several words communicate more often than single-word agents. Depending on the preference and dimensionality, the model either converges to a single-language state as in an…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-08-07 Dorota Lipowska , Adam Lipowski

In an era where single large language models have dominated the landscape of artificial intelligence for years, multi-agent systems arise as new protagonists in conversational task-solving. While previous studies have showcased their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jonas Becker

Persistent language-model agents increasingly combine tool use, tiered memory, reflective prompting, and runtime adaptation. In such systems, behavior is shaped not only by current prompts but by mutable internal conditions that influence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Krti Tallam

We examine a naming game on an adaptive weighted network. A weight of connection for a given pair of agents depends on their communication success rate and determines the probability with which the agents communicate. In some cases,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-08-10 Dorota Lipowska , Adam Lipowski

Emergent language research has made significant progress in recent years, but still largely fails to explore how communication emerges in more complex and situated multi-agent systems. Existing setups often employ a reference game, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Cornelius Wolff , Julius Mayer , Elia Bruni , Xenia Ohmer

Agent-based modeling and simulation has evolved as a powerful tool for modeling complex systems, offering insights into emergent behaviors and interactions among diverse agents. Integrating large language models into agent-based modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Chen Gao , Xiaochong Lan , Nian Li , Yuan Yuan , Jingtao Ding , Zhilun Zhou , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Increasing evidence demonstrates that in many places language coexistence has become ubiquitous and essential for supporting language and cultural diversity and associated with its financial and economic benefits. The competitive evolution…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Zejie Zhou , Boleslaw K. Szymanski , Jianxi Gao

The differential equations of Abrams and Strogatz for the competition between two languages are compared with agent-based Monte Carlo simulations for fully connected networks as well as for lattices in one, two and three dimensions, with up…

Computational Physics · Physics 2008-01-27 Dietrich Stauffer , Xavier Castello , Victor M. Eguiluz , Maxi San Miguel

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities as autonomous agents with rapidly expanding applications in various domains. As these agents increasingly engage in socioeconomic interactions, identifying their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kushal Agrawal , Verona Teo , Juan J. Vazquez , Sudarsh Kunnavakkam , Vishak Srikanth , Andy Liu
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