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We define a new gauge independent quasi-local mass and energy, and show its relation to the Brown-York Hamilton-Jacobi analysis. A quasi-local proof of the positivity, based on spacetime harmonic functions, is given for admissible closed…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-09-07 Aghil Alaee , Marcus Khuri , Shing-Tung Yau

This article considers the quasi-local conserved quantities with respect to a reference spacetime with a cosmological constant. We follow the approach developed by the authors in [25,26,7] and define the quasi-local energy as differences of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-10 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

In this article, we estimate the quasi-local energy with reference to the Minkowski spacetime [16,17], the anti-de Sitter spacetime [4], or the Schwarzschild spacetime [3]. In each case, the reference spacetime admits a conformal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-27 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

This paper studies a class of $D=n+2(\ge 6)$ dimensional solutions to Lovelock gravity that is described by the warped product of a two-dimensional Lorentzian metric and an $n$-dimensional Einstein space. Assuming that the angular part of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-27 Seiju Ohashi , Masato Nozawa

The quasilocal energy of gravitational and matter fields in a spatially bounded region is obtained by employing a Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of the action functional. First, a surface stress-energy-momentum tensor is defined by the functional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. David Brown , James W. York

A set of exact quasi-local conservation equations is obtained in the (1+1)-dimensional description of the Einstein's equations of (3+1)-dimensional spacetimes. These equations are interpreted as quasi-local energy, linear momentum, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-03 Jong Hyuk Yoon

Gravitating systems have no well-defined local energy-momentum density. Various quasilocal proposals have been made, however the center-of-mass moment (COM) has generally been overlooked. Asymptotically flat graviating systems have 10 total…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 James M. Nester , Feng-Feng Meng , Chiang-Mei Chen

We study the previously proposed quasilocal angular momentum of gravitational fields in the absence of isometries. The quasilocal angular momentum $L(\xi)$ has the following attractive properties; ({\it i}) it follows from the Einstein's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-03 Jong Hyuk Yoon , Seung Hun Oh

Energy is at best defined quasilocally in general relativity. Quasilocal energy definitions depend on the conditions one imposes on the boundary Hamiltonian, i.e., how a finite region of spacetime is "isolated". Here, we propose a method to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-19 Nezihe Uzun

A new quasigroup approach to conservation laws in general relativity is applied to study asymptotically flat at future null infinity spacetime. The infinite-parametric Newman-Unti group of asymptotic symmetries is reduced to the Poincar\'e…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Alexander I. Nesterov

There have been many attempts to define the notion of quasilocal mass for a spacelike 2-surface in spacetime by the Hamilton-Jacobi analysis. The essential difficulty in this approach is to identify the right choice of the background…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-23 Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

In \cite{ly, ly2}, Liu and the second author propose a definition of the quasi-local mass and prove its positivity. This is demonstrated through an inequality which in turn can be interpreted as a total mean curvature comparison theorem for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

It is well-known that under suitable hypotheses, for a sequence of solutions of the (simplified) Ginzburg-Landau equations $-\Delta u_\varepsilon +\varepsilon^{-2}(|u_\varepsilon|^2-1)u_\varepsilon = 0$, the energy and vorticity concentrate…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Andrew Colinet , Robert Jerrard , Peter Sternberg

A set of exact quasi-local conservation equations is derived from the Einstein's equations using the first-order Kaluza-Klein formalism of general relativity in the (2,2)-splitting of 4-dimensional spacetime. These equations are interpreted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 J. H. Yoon

It is argued that the symmetry algebra of asymptotically flat spacetimes at null infinity in 4 dimensions should be taken as the semi-direct sum of supertranslations with infinitesimal local conformal transformations and not, as usually…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Glenn Barnich , Cedric Troessaert

In the framework of the quasigroup approach to conservation laws in general relativity, we show how the infinite-parametric Newman-Unti group of asymptotic symmetries can be reduced to the Poincare quasigroup. We compute Noether's charges…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-28 Alfonso Zack Robles , Alexander I. Nesterov , Claudia Moreno

In this article, we study the small sphere limit of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy defined in [18,19]. Given a point $p$ in a spacetime $N$, we consider a canonical family of surfaces approaching $p$ along its future null cone and evaluate…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-10-06 PoNing Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

We investigate properties of a quasi-local mass in a higher-dimensional spacetime having symmetries corresponding to the isomertries of an $(n-2)$-dimensional maximally symmetric space in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity in the presence of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Hideki Maeda , Masato Nozawa

We study how the standard definitions of ADM mass and Brown-York quasi-local energy generalize to pure Lovelock gravity. The quasi-local energy is renormalized using the background subtraction prescription and we consider its limit for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-28 Jani Kastikainen

In this paper we study the shape of least-energy solutions to a singularly perturbed quasilinear problem with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. We use an intrinsic variation method to show that at limit, the global maximum point of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Yi Li , Chunshan Zhao