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Extending the quantum formulation of [Phys. Rev. X 3, 041003 (2013)] to a more general setting for studying the thermodynamics of information processing including initial correlations, we generalize the second law of thermodynamics to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Shou-I Tang , Emery Doucet , Akram Touil , Sebastian Deffner , Akira Sone

Heat exchanged between an open quantum system and its environment exhibits fluctuations that carry crucial signatures of the underlying dynamics. Within the well-established two-point measurement scheme, we identify a 'heat operator,' whose…

Thermodynamics and information have intricate inter-relations. The justification of the fact that information is physical, is done by inter-linking information and thermodynamics - through Landauer's principle. This modern approach towards…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Manabendra Nath Bera , Andreas Winter , Maciej Lewenstein

Landauer's erasure principle is generalized to nondeterministic processes on systems having an arbitrary number of non-symmetrical logical states. The condition that the process is applied in the same way, irrespective of the initial…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-04-03 S. Turgut

Accurately quantifying the thermodynamic work costs of quantum operations is essential for the continued development and optimisation of emerging quantum technologies. This present a significant challenge in regimes of rapid control within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Mike Shubrook , Moritz Cygorek , Erik Gauger , Jake Iles-Smith , Ahsan Nazir

In a generalized framework for the Landauer erasure protocol, we study bounds on the heat dissipated in typical nonequilibrium quantum processes. In contrast to thermodynamic processes, quantum fluctuations are not suppressed in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Philip Taranto , Kavan Modi , Felix A. Pollock

We study driven finite quantum systems in contact with a thermal reservoir in the regime in which the system changes slowly in comparison to the equilibration time. The associated isothermal adiabatic theorem allows us to control the full…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-09-22 Tristan Benoist , Martin Fraas , Vojkan Jaksic , Claude-Alain Pillet

We study the limitations on coherence evolutions under the constraints of thermodynamic laws, and focus on the optimal thermal operations (TO) reaching the bounds. For qubit case, we find a thermal operation involving only a single-mode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Xueyuan Hu

Heat is a physical manifestation of entropy, where the removal of entropy from a thermal energy reservoir permits the conversion of heat into work. This entropy transfer is facilitated by the cold thermal energy reservoir in typical heat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Liam Judd McClelland

The thermodynamics of small quantum many-body systems strongly coupled to a heat bath at low temperatures with non-Markovian behavior are new challenges for quantum thermodynamics, as traditional thermodynamics is built on large systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Jen-Tsung Hsiang , B. L. Hu

The erasure of a classical bit of information is a dissipative process. The minimum heat produced during this operation has been theorized by Rolf Landauer in 1961 to be equal to $k_B T \ln 2$ and takes the name of Landauer limit, Landauer…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Igor Neri , Miquel López-Suárez

Conventional computing has many sources of heat dissipation, but one of these--the Landauer limit--poses a fundamental lower bound of 1 bit of entropy per bit erased. 'Reversible Computing' avoids this source of dissipation, but is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Hannah Earley

The amount of heat generated by computers is rapidly becoming one of the main problems for developing new generations of information technology. The thermodynamics of computation sets the ultimate physical bounds on heat generation. A lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-30 Daniel Bedingham , Owen Maroney

Heat transfer in quantum systems is a current topic of interest due to emerging quantum technologies that attempt to miniaturize engines and examine fundamental aspects of thermodynamics. In this work, we consider heat transfer between two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Marlon Brenes , Jakub Garwoła , Dvira Segal

Quantum heat engines are subjected to quantum fluctuations related to their discrete energy spectra. Such fluctuations question the reliable operation of quantum engines in the microscopic realm. We here realize an endoreversible quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Quentin Bouton , Jens Nettersheim , Sabrina Burgardt , Daniel Adam , Eric Lutz , Artur Widera

It is possible to extract work from a quantum-mechanical system whose dynamics is governed by a time-dependent cyclic Hamiltonian. An energy bath is required to operate such a quantum engine in place of the heat bath used to run a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 C. M. Bender , D. C. Brody , B. K. Meister

We review the physical foundations of Landauer's Principle, which relates the loss of information from a computational process to an increase in thermodynamic entropy. Despite the long history of the Principle, its fundamental rationale and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Michael P. Frank

The heat dissipation in quantum metrology represents not only an unavoidable problem towards practical applications of quantum sensing devices but also a fundamental relationship between thermodynamics and quantum metrology. However, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Yaoming Chu , Jianming Cai

Using a double-well potential as a physical memory, we study with experiments and numerical simulations the energy exchanges during erasure processes, and model quantitatively the cost of fast operation. Within the stochastic thermodynamics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-22 Salambô Dago , Ludovic Bellon

Thermodynamics is a highly successful macroscopic theory widely used across the natural sciences and for the construction of everyday devices, from car engines and fridges to power plants and solar cells. With thermodynamics predating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 Philipp Kammerlander , Janet Anders