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The migration of planetary cores embedded in a protoplanetary disk is an important mechanism within planet-formation theory, relevant for the architecture of planetary systems. Consequently, planet migration is actively discussed, yet often…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Philipp Weber , Sebastián Pérez , Pablo Benítez-Llambay , Oliver Gressel , Simon Casassus , Leonardo Krapp

Low-mass planets migrate in the type-I regime. In the inviscid limit, the contrast between the vortensity trapped inside the planet's corotating region and the background disk vortensity leads to a dynamical corotation torque, which is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-02 Alexandros Ziampras , Richard P. Nelson , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

The discovery of close orbiting extrasolar giant planets led to extensive studies of disk planet interactions and the forms of migration that can result as a means of accounting for their location. Early work established the type I and type…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. C. B. Papaloizou , R. P. Nelson , W. Kley , F. S. Masset , P. Artymowicz

Planet migration within inner protoplanetary disks significantly influences exoplanet architectures. We investigate various migration mechanisms for young planets close to young stars. To quantify the stochastic migration driven by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Arturo Cevallos Soto , Zhaohuan Zhu

We present two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of pairs of planets migrating simultaneously in the Type I regime in a protoplanetary disc. Convergent migration naturally leads to the trapping of these planets in mean-motion…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 T. O. Hands , R. D. Alexander

Migration of giant planets remains a complex topic. While significant progress has been made for high-viscosity disks, the migration of planets with large planet-star mass ratios in low-viscosity environments is still not fully understood.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-19 Mariana Sánchez , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper , Nienke van der Marel , Pablo Benítez-Llambay , Gijs D. Mulders

Aims: We investigate the effect of including a proper energy balance on the interaction of a low-mass planet with a protoplanetary disk. Methods: We use a three-dimensional version of the RODEO method to perform hydrodynamical simulations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. -J. Paardekooper , G. Mellema

We study Type I migration of a planet in a radiatively efficient disk using global two dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. The large positive corotation torque is exerted on a planet by an adiabatic disk at early times when the disk has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 K. Yamada , S. Inaba

Migration is a key ingredient for the formation of close-in super-Earth and mini-Neptune systems, as it sets in which resonances planets can be trapped. Slower migration rates result in wider resonance configurations compared to higher…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Bertram Bitsch , Andre Izidoro

Planetary migration is one of the most serious problems to systematically understand the observations of exoplanets. We clarify that the theoretically predicted type II migration is too fast, as well as type I migration, by developing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Shigeru Ida

In this paper we analyse giant gap-opening planet migration in protoplanetary discs, focusing on the type II migration regime. According to standard type II theory, planets migrate at the same rate as the gas in the disc, as they are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Chiara E. Scardoni , Giovanni P. Rosotti , Giuseppe Lodato , Cathie J. Clarke

Rapid inward migration driven by Type I torques threatens the survival of low-mass planets in their nascent protoplanetary disks (PPDs). Positive co-rotation torques offer a potential solution, but require viscous diffusion to remain…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-19 M. Lehmann , M. K. Lin

Planet-disk interaction predicts a change in the orbital elements of an embedded planet. Through linear and fully hydrodynamical studies it has been found that migration is typically directed inwards. Hence, this migration process gives…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Willy Kley

We investigate the migration of low-mass planets ($5 M_{\oplus}$ and $20 M_{\oplus}$) in accretion discs threaded with a magnetic field using 2D MHD code in polar coordinates. We observed that, in the case of a strong azimuthal magnetic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 M. L. Comins , M. M. Romanova , A. V. Koldoba , G. V. Ustyugova , R. V. E. Lovelace

We investigate the tidal interaction between a low-mass planet and a self-gravitating protoplanetary disk, by means of two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. We first show that considering a planet freely migrating in a disk without…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Baruteau , F. Masset

The observed extrasolar planets possess both large masses (with a median M sin i of 1.65 MJ) and a wide range in orbital eccentricity (0 < e < 0.94). As planets are thought to form in circumstellar disks, one important question in planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-04-23 Althea V. Moorhead , Eric B. Ford

Giant planets embedded in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) can create annulus density gaps around their orbits in the type-II regime, potentially responsible for the ubiquity of annular substructures observed in PPDs. Despite of substantial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-23 Yuhiko Aoyama , Xuening Bai

We present detailed estimates of ''type-I'' migration rates for low-mass proto-planets embedded in steady-state T-Tauri alpha-disks, based on Lindblad torque calculations ignoring feedback on the disk. Differences in migration rates for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Kristen Menou , Jeremy Goodman

Planet migration originally refers to protoplanetary disks, which are more massive and dense than typical accretion disks in binary systems. We study planet migration in an accretion disk in a binary system consisting of a solar-like star…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-22 O. Kulikova , S. B. Popov , V. V. Zhuravlev

Planetary migration poses a serious challenge to theories of planet formation. In gaseous and planetesimal disks, migration can remove planets as quickly as they form. To explore migration in a planetesimal disk, we combine analytic and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Benjamin C. Bromley , Scott J. Kenyon