Related papers: Gravitational anomaly and fundamental forces
I present an argument, based on the topology of the universe, why there are three generations of fermions. The argument implies a preferred unified gauge group of SU(5), but with SO(10) representations of the fermions. The breaking pattern…
We do not know why there are three fermion families in the Standard Model (SM), nor can we explain the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixing angles. Standard grand unified theories based on the SU(5) and SO(10) groups fail to shed…
A spontaneously broken SU(2)xU(1) gauge theory with just one "primordial" generation of fermions is formulated in the context of generally covariant theory which contains two measures of integration in the action: the standard…
The observed replication of fermions in three families is undoubtedly a reflection of a deeper symmetry underlying the standard model. In this paper we investigate one very elementary possibility, that physics above the grand unification…
One of the interesting features in unification models and supersymmetric unification models is that the chiral states of quarks and leptons in a family including a right-handed neutrino can be fitted neatly into a fundamental spinor…
The Standard Model has three generations of fermions and although it does not contain any explicit reason for this, the existence of additional generations is now very constrained by experiment. Present measurements are saturating…
The possibilities of global (non-perturbative) gauge anomalies for a class of gauge groups are investigated. Intimately connected to branching rules and topological aspect of gauge groups, the results are applied to the study of unification…
We explore the possible low energy phases of the confining non-supersymmetric $SU(5)$ chiral gauge theory with three generations of fermions in the $(10+\bar{5})$ representations. This theory has the same fermion and gauge matter content as…
We study a possible gauge symmetry breaking pattern in an ${\rm SU}(7)$ grand unified theory, which describes the mass origins of all electrically charged SM fermions of the second and the third generations. Two intermediate gauge…
We propose a non-supersymmetric SU(5) model in which only the third family of fermions are unified. The model remedies the non-unification of the three Standard Model couplings in non-supersymmetric SU(5). It also provides a mechanism for…
We suggest a mechanism explaining the origin of three generations of the Standard Model fermions from one generation in a higher-dimensional theory. Four-dimensional fermions appear as zero modes trapped in the core of a topological defect…
We extend the unitary groups beyond the ${\rm SU}(5)$ and ${\rm SU}(6)$ to look for possible grand unified theories that give rise to three-generational Standard Model fermions without the simple repetition. By demanding asymptotic free…
We describe a supersymmetric Grand Unified Theory based on the gauge group $\SU(5)^3$, or $\SO(10)^3$, invariant under the interchange of any~SU(5), or~SO(10), with each family multiplet transforming non trivially under one different…
Electroweak interactions based on a gauge group $\rm SU(3)_L \times U(1)_X$, coupled to the QCD gauge group $\rm SU(3)_c$, can predict the number of generations to be multiples of three. We first try to unify these models within SU(N)…
We obtain a three generational $SU(3)_c\times SU(3)_w \times U(1)^4\times [SO(12)\times U(1)^2]^\prime$ model from an orbifold construction with the requirement that three generations arise from twisted sectors. There exist supersymmetric…
The fundamental chiral nature of the observed quarks and leptons and the emergence of the gauge group itself are most puzzling aspects of the standard model. Starting from general considerations of topological properties of gauge field…
We all know that in our family of particle physics we have three generations but still don't know why - the so-called "family problem". On other hand, in view of the masses and oscillations, the neutrinos now present some basic difficulty…
In this paper we discuss $SU(5)^{3}$ with cyclic symmetry as a possible grand unified theory (GUT). The basic idea of such a tri-unification is that there is a separate $SU(5)$ for each fermion family, with the light Higgs doublet(s)…
A familiar anomaly affects SU(2) gauge theory in four dimensions: a theory with an odd number of fermion multiplets in the spin 1/2 representation of the gauge group, and more generally in representations of spin 2r+1/2, is inconsistent. We…
The Standard Model is based on the gauge invariance principle with gauge group U(1)xSU(2)xSU(3) and suitable representations for fermions and bosons, which are begging for a conceptual understanding. We propose a purely gravitational…