Related papers: On equations over sets of integers

We investigate here sums of triangular numbers $f(x):=\sum_i b_i T_{x_i}$ where $T_n$ is the $n$-th triangular number. We show that for a set of positive integers $S$ there is a finite subset $S_0$ such that $f$ represents $S$ if and only…

In this paper, we present a new approach to the semantic enrichment of mathematical expression problem. Our approach is a combination of statistical machine translation and disambiguation which makes use of surrounding text of the…

We present an algebraic characterization of the complexity classes Logspace and NLogspace, using an algebra with a composition law based on unification. This new bridge between unification and complexity classes is inspired from proof…

We study one-parameter families of S-unit equations of the form f(t)u+g(t)v=h(t), where f, g, and h are univariate polynomials over a number field, t is an S-integer, and u and v are S-units. For many possible choices of f, g, and h, we are…

Terms in arithmetic of the form s in the formula s=t(< s >), with t a term with one free variable and < s > a numeral denoting the G\"odel number of s, are examined by writing the explicit definition of the encoding functions whose…

We reconsider some classical natural semantics of integers (namely iterators of functions, cardinals of sets, index of equivalence relations), in the perspective of Kolmogorov complexity. To each such semantics one can attach a simple…

Mathematical notation makes up a large portion of STEM literature, yet finding semantic representations for formulae remains a challenging problem. Because mathematical notation is precise, and its meaning changes significantly with small…

Representable implication algebras are known to be axiomatised by a finite number of equations (making the representation and finite representation problems decidable here). We show that this also holds in the context of unary (and binary)…

Lie systems form a class of systems of first-order ordinary differential equations whose general solutions can be described in terms of certain finite families of particular solutions and a set of constants, by means of a particular type of…

We develop a new tool, namely polynomial and linear algebraic methods, for studying systems of word equations. We illustrate its usefulness by giving essentially simpler proofs of several hard problems. At the same time we prove extensions…

A method for selecting solution constructors in narrowing is presented. The method is based on a sort discipline that describes regular sets of ground constructor terms as sorts. It is extended to cope with regular sets of ground…

Sharing of notations and theories across an inheritance hierarchy of mathematical structures, e.g., groups and rings, is important for productivity when formalizing mathematics in proof assistants. The packed classes methodology is a…

Given a minuscule representation of a simple Lie algebra, we find an algebraic model for the action of a regular element and show that these models can be glued together over the adjoint quotient, viewed as the set of all regular conjugacy…

The main point of this paper is to present a class of equations over integers that one can check if they have a solution by checking a set of inequalities. The prototype of such equations is the equations appearing in the well-known…

For any $m,n\in\mathbb{N}$ we first give new proofs for the following well known combinatorial identities \begin{equation*} S_n(m)=\sum\limits_{k=1}^n\binom{n}{k}\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k^m}=\sum\limits_{n\geq r_1\geq r_2\geq...\geq r_m\geq…

Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $k$ be a field (of arbitrary characteristic) accessible to symbolic computation. We describe an algorithmic test for determining whether or not a finitely presented $k$-algebra $R$ has infinitely many…

We review the basic theory of More Sums Than Differences (MSTD) sets, specifically their existence, simple constructions of infinite families, the proof that a positive percentage of sets under the uniform binomial model are MSTD but not if…

A numerical semigroup $S$ is a subset of the non-negative integers containing $0$ that is closed under addition. The Hilbert series of $S$ (a formal power series equal to the sum of terms $t^n$ over all $n \in S$) can be expressed as a…

Recently, Kargin et al. (arXiv:2008.00284 [math.NT]) obtained (among many other things) the following formula for the hyper-sums of powers of integers $S_k^{(m)}(n)$ \begin{equation*} S_k^{(m)}(n) = \frac{1}{m!} \sum_{i=0}^{m} (-1)^i…

A large family of linear, usually overdetermined, systems of partial differential equations that admit a multiplication of solutions, i.e, a bi-linear and commutative mapping on the solution space, is studied. This family of PDE's contains…