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We obtain an upper bound to the packing density of regular tetrahedra. The bound is obtained by showing the existence, in any packing of regular tetrahedra, of a set of disjoint spheres centered on tetrahedron edges, so that each sphere is…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2010-11-23 Simon Gravel , Veit Elser , Yoav Kallus

This paper provides the currently best known upper bound on the density of a packing in three-dimensional Euclidean space of two types of spheres whose size ratio is the largest one that allows the insertion of a small sphere in each…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Thomas Fernique , Daria Pchelina

This is the eighth and final paper in a series giving a proof of the Kepler conjecture, which asserts that the density of a packing of congruent spheres in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}\approx 0.74048...$. This is…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

This is the second in a series of papers giving a proof of the Kepler conjecture, which asserts that the density of a packing of congruent spheres in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}\approx 0.74048...$. This is the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Samuel P. Ferguson , Thomas C. Hales

This is the fifth in a series of papers giving a proof of the Kepler conjecture, which asserts that the density of a packing of congruent spheres in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}\approx 0.74048...$. This is the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

In \cite{Sz17-2} we proved that to each saturated congruent hyperball packing exists a decomposition of $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$ into truncated tetrahedra. Therefore, in order to get a density upper bound for…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Jenő Szirmai

This is the first in a series of papers giving a proof of the Kepler conjecture, which asserts that the density of a packing of congruent spheres in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}\approx 0.74048...$. This is the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

This is the sixth in a series of papers giving a proof of the Kepler conjecture, which asserts that the density of a packing of congruent spheres in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}\approx 0.74048...$. This is the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

An earlier paper describes a program to prove the Kepler conjecture on sphere packings. This paper carries out the second step of that program. A sphere packing leads to a decomposition of $R^3$ into polyhedra. The polyhedra are divided…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

Motivated by modern applications like image processing and wireless sensor networks, we consider a variation of the famous Kepler Conjecture. Given any infinite set of unit balls covering the whole space, we want to know the optimal (lim…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-12-20 Binhai Zhu

We study the sphere packing problem in Euclidean space where we impose additional constraints on the separations of the center points. We prove that any sphere packing in dimension $48$, with spheres of radii $r$, such that no two centers…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Felipe Gonçalves , Guilherme Vedana

Particle packing problems have fascinated people since the dawn of civilization, and continue to intrigue mathematicians and scientists. Resurgent interest has been spurred by the recent proof of Kepler's conjecture: the face-centered cubic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-01-05 Aleksandar Donev , Frank H. Stillinger , P. M. Chaikin , Salvatore Torquato

We present the densest known packing of regular tetrahedra with density phi = 4000/4671 = 0.856347... Like the recently discovered packings of Kallus et al. [arXiv:0910.5226] and Torquato-Jiao [arXiv:0912.4210], our packing is crystalline…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-07-27 Elizabeth R. Chen , Michael Engel , Sharon C. Glotzer

Dense packings have served as useful models of the structure of liquid, glassy and crystal states of matter, granular media, heterogeneous materials, and biological systems. Probing the symmetries and other mathematical properties of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 S. Torquato , Y. Jiao

The ball (or sphere) packing problem with equal balls, without any symmetry assumption, in a $3$-dimensional space of constant curvature was settled by B\"or\"oczky and Florian for the hyperbolic space $\HYP$ in \cite{BF64} and by proving…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2012-10-09 Jen{\H}o Szirmai

The densest local packings of N three-dimensional identical nonoverlapping spheres within a radius Rmin(N) of a fixed central sphere of the same size are obtained for selected values of N up to N = 1054. In the predecessor to this paper…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-29 Adam B. Hopkins , Frank H. Stillinger , Salvatore Torquato

The Kepler conjecture asserts that the density of a packing of congruent balls in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}$. A computer assisted verification confirmed this conjecture in 1998. This article gives a historical…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

The determination of the densest packings of regular tetrahedra (one of the five Platonic solids) is attracting great attention as evidenced by the rapid pace at which packing records are being broken and the fascinating packing structures…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 S. Torquato , Y. Jiao

Questions surrounding the spatial disposition of particles in various condensed-matter systems continue to pose many theoretical challenges. This paper explores the geometric availability of amorphous many-particle configurations that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Torquato , F. H. Stillinger

In this paper we study congruent and non-congruent hyperball (hypersphere) packings of the truncated regular tetrahedron tilings. These are derived from the Coxeter simplex tilings $\{p,3,3\}$ $(7\le p \in \mathbb{N})$ and $\{5,3,3,3,3\}$…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-10-13 Jenő Szirmai
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