Related papers: States and exceptions considered as dual effects
The so-called Simpson's "paradox", or Yule-Simpson (YS) effect, occurs in classical statistics when the correlations that are present among different sets of samples are reversed if the sets are combined together, thus ignoring one or more…
We study anomalies of discrete internal global symmetry $G$ in two-dimensional rational conformal field theories based on twisted torus partition functions. The anomaly of $G$ can be seen from the noncommutativity of two symmetry lines…
By considering the quantum-mechanically minimum allowable energy interval, we exactly count number of states (NOS) and introduce discrete density of states (DOS) concept for a particle in a box for various dimensions. Expressions for…
This paper presents an investigation on the structure of conditional events and on the probability measures which arise naturally in this context. In particular we introduce a construction which defines a (finite) {\em Boolean algebra of…
The coexistence relation of quantum effects is a fundamental structure, describing those pairs of experimental events that can be implemented in a single setup. Only in the simplest case of qubit effects an analytic characterization of…
Effect algebras were introduced in order to describe the structure of effects, i.e. events in quantum mechanics. They are partial algebras describing the logic behind the corresponding events. It is natural to ask how to introduce the…
Dual-process theories play a central role in both psychology and neuroscience, figuring prominently in fields ranging from executive control to reward-based learning to judgment and decision making. In each of these domains, two mechanisms…
The syntactic nature of logic and computation separates them from other fields of mathematics. Nevertheless, syntax has been the only way to adequately capture the dynamics of proofs and programs such as cut-elimination, and the finiteness…
Working with stories and working with computations require very different modes of thought. We call the first mode "story-thinking" and the second "computational-thinking". The aim of this curiosity-driven paper is to explore the nature of…
Effect algebras form a formal algebraic description of the structure of the so-called effects in a Hilbert space which serves as an event-state space for effects in quantum mechanics. This is why effect algebras are considered as logics of…
Algorithms of control of differential equations solutions are under investigation in the article. Idealized and real modifications of the algorithms are distinguished. An equation, which can be the base equation for investigation of the…
We discuss some seemingly paradoxical yet valid effects of quantum physics in information processing. Firstly, we argue that the act of ``doing nothing'' on part of an entangled quantum system is a highly non-trivial operation and that it…
We extend the notions of conditioned and controlled invariant spaces to linear dynamical systems over the max-plus or tropical semiring. We establish a duality theorem relating both notions, which we use to construct dynamic observers.…
The problem for interface solutions in the quantum theory of heterostructures comprising narrow-gap semiconductors is reformulated in the language of commutative diagrams. By this way the theory of interface states in such heterostructures…
We study zero-sum differential games with state constraints and one-sided information, where the informed player (Player 1) has a categorical payoff type unknown to the uninformed player (Player 2). The goal of Player 1 is to minimize his…
This paper investigates the problem of coordinating several agents through their actions. Although the methodology applies to general scenarios, the present work focuses on a situation with an asymmetric observation structure that only…
We show that the main results of the expected utility and dual utility theories can be derived in a unified way from two fundamental mathematical ideas: the separation principle of convex analysis, and integral representations of continuous…
Integrated information theory (IIT) starts from the existence of consciousness and characterizes its essential properties: every experience is intrinsic, specific, unitary, definite, and structured. IIT then formulates existence and its…
Left-sequential logics provide a means for reasoning about (closed) propositional terms with atomic propositions that may have side effects and that are evaluated sequentially from left to right. Such propositional terms are commonly used…
Recently Flaminio and Montagna, \cite{FlMo}, extended the language of MV-algebras by adding a unary operation, called a state-operator. This notion is introduced here also for effect algebras. Having it, we generalize the Loomis--Sikorski…