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Related papers: Crossing changes in closed 3-braid diagrams

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New explicit procedures for passing among triplane diagrams, braid movies, and braid charts for knotted surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$ are presented. To this end, rainbow diagrams, which lie between braid charts and triplanes, are introduced.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Román Aranda , Scott Carter , Julia Courtney , Puttipong Pongtanapaisan

We present a complete classification of spherical knotoids with up to six crossings and conjecture that our classification up to seven crossings is complete. Our work extends the tradition of knot tabulation to the setting of knotoids…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Boštjan Gabrovšek , Paolo Cavicchioli

We use Heegaard Floer homology to give obstructions to unknotting a knot with a single crossing change. These restrictions are particularly useful in the case where the knot in question is alternating. As an example, we use them to classify…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Peter Ozsvath , Zoltan Szabo

In this survey paper we present the $L$--moves between braids and how they can adapt and serve for establishing and proving braid equivalence theorems for various diagrammatic settings, such as for classical knots, for knots in knot…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-03-24 Sofia Lambropoulou

The CN matrix of an $n$-braid projection $B$ is an $n \times n$ matrix such that each $(i,j)$ entry indicates the number of crossings between $i^{th}$ and $j^{th}$ strands of $B$. In this paper, several patterns of an $n \times n$ matrix to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Yuko Ozawa , Ayaka Shimizu , Yoshiro Yaguchi

We show that if $K$ is a knot in $S^3$ and $\Sigma$ is a bridge sphere for $K$ with high distance and $2n$ punctures, the number of perturbations of $K$ required to interchange the two balls bounded by $\Sigma$ via an isotopy is $n$. We…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Jesse Johnson , Maggy Tomova

In this paper we introduce a representation of knots and links called a cube diagram. We show that a property of a cube diagram is a link invariant if and only if the property is invariant under two types of cube diagram operations. A knot…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-05-24 Scott Baldridge , Adam Lowrance

Every knot has a plat projection, obtained by closing up a braid with bridges. The plat projection is determined by the number of strands and the number of rows of twist regions in the braid, and an integer number of crossings in each twist…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-12-03 Yoav Moriah , Jessica S. Purcell

It is well known that the minimum crossing number of an alternating link equals the number of crossings in any reduced alternating link diagram of the link. This remarkable result is an application of the Jones polynomial. In the case of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Yuanan Diao , Gábor Hetyei , Pengyu Liu

A knot is a closed loop in space without self-intersection. Two knots are equivalent if there is a self homeomorphism of space bringing one onto the other. An arc presentation is an embedding of a knot in the union of finitely many half…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Hwa Jeong Lee , Alexander Stoimenow , Gyo Taek Jin

We introduce a method of computing biquandle brackets of oriented knots and links using a type of decorated trivalent spatial graphs we call trace diagrams. We identify algebraic conditions on the biquandle bracket coefficients for moving…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Sam Nelson , Natsumi Oyamaguchi

We discuss an "extrinsic" property of knots in a 3-subspace of the 3-sphere $S^3$ to characterize how the subspace is embedded in $S^3$. Specifically, we show that every knot in a subspace of the 3-sphere is transient if and only if the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-30 Yuya Koda , Makoto Ozawa

A knot K is called n-adjacent to the unknot, if K admits a projection containing n generalized crossings such that changing any m (no larger than n) of them yields a projection of the unknot. We show that a non-trivial satellite knot K is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Efstratia Kalfagianni , Xiao-Song Lin

We classify closed 3-braids which are L-space knots.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Christine Ruey Shan Lee , Faramarz Vafaee

The concordance orders of many algebraic order two knots of ten or fewer crossings have been heretofore unknown. We use Casson-Gordon invariants and twisted Alexander polynomials to find that, in all but one case, these knots do not have…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrius Tamulis

There is empirical evidence supporting the claim that almost all cubic non-Hamiltonian graphs are bridge graphs. In this paper, we pose a related conjecture and prove that the original claim holds for non-3-connected graphs if the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-29 Rishi Advani

We have used Langevin dynamics to simulate the forced translocation of linked polymer rings through a narrow pore. For fixed size (i.e. fixed number of monomers) the translocation time depends on the link type and on whether the rings are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-24 Michele Caraglio , Enzo Orlandini , Stuart G Whittington

The study of a certain class of matrix integrals can be motivated by their interpretation as counting objects of knot theory such as alternating prime links, tangles or knots. The simplest such model is studied in detail and allows to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 P. Zinn-Justin

Each ruling of a Legendrian link can be naturally treated as a surface. For knots, the ruling is 2-graded if and only if the surface is orientable. For 2-graded rulings of homogeneous (in particular, alternating) knots, we prove that the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-11-26 Tamás Kálmán

We introduce new polynomial isotopy invariants for closed braids. They are constructed as polynomial valued {\em Gauss diagram 1-cocycles} evaluated on the full rotation of the closed braid $\hat \beta$ around the core of the corresponding…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-04-11 Thomas Fiedler