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Related papers: Diverse Beliefs

200 papers

Beliefs are central to individual decision-making and societal dynamics, and they are shaped through complex interactions between personal cognition and social environments. Traditional models of belief dynamics often fail to capture the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-04 Filippo Zimmaro , Henrik Olsson

Understanding how biological organisms make decisions is of fundamental importance in understanding behavior. Such an understanding within evolutionary game theory so far has been sought by appealing to bounded rationality. Here, we present…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Mohammad Salahshour

This paper examines the impact of cognitive biases on financial decision-making through a static Bayesian game framework. While traditional economic theory assumes fully rational investors, real-world choices are often shaped by loss…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-05-27 Samiha Tariq

We discuss conditionalisation for Accept-Desirability models in an abstract decision-making framework, where uncertain rewards live in a general linear space, and events are special projection operators on that linear space. This abstract…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Kathelijne Coussement , Gert de Cooman , Keano De Vos

A general theory of innovation and progress in human society is outlined, based on the combat between two opposite forces (conservatism/inertia and speculative herding "bubble" behavior). We contend that human affairs are characterized by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-12-02 Didier Sornette

This paper characterizes equilibrium properties of a broad class of economic models that allow multiple heterogeneous agents to interact in heterogeneous manners across several markets. Our key contribution is a new theorem providing…

General Economics · Economics 2022-09-07 Patrizio Bifulco , Jochen Glück , Oliver Krebs , Bohdan Kukharskyy

Models of opinion dynamics play a major role in various disciplines, including economics, political science, psychology, and social science, as they provide a framework for analysis and intervention. In spite of the numerous mathematical…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-17 Armineh Rahmanian , Sadegh Bolouki , S. Rasoul Etesami , Abolfazl Mohebbi

A knowledge system S describing a part of real world does in general not contain complete information. Reasoning with incomplete information is prone to errors since any belief derived from S may be false in the present state of the world.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-05-20 Eliezer L. Lozinskii

Prediction problems in finance go beyond estimating the unknown parameters of a model (e.g. of expected returns). This is because such a model would have to include parameters governing the market participants' propensity to change their…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-08-20 Matthias Feiler , Thibaut Ajdler

This paper proposes a theory of stock market predictability patterns based on a model of heterogeneous beliefs. In a discrete finite time framework, some agents receive news about an asset's fundamental value through a noisy signal. The…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-13 Jiho Park

Financial economic models often assume that investors know (or agree on) the fundamental value of the shares of the firm, easing the passage from the individual to the collective dimension of the financial system generated by the Share…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-09-27 Yuri Biondi , Pierpaolo Giannoccolo , Serge Galam

This paper analyzes a society composed of individuals who have diverse sets of beliefs (or models) and diverse tastes (or utility functions). It characterizes the model selection process of a social planner who wishes to aggregate…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-10 Florian Mudekereza

Can one demonstrate quantitative effects of diversity within a system comprised of distinct individuals on the performance of the system as a whole? Assuming that individuals can be different, we develop a model to interpolate between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-04-18 Julie Rowlett , Carl-Joar Karlsson , Medet Nursultanov

Language Models (LMs) have been shown to inherit undesired biases that might hurt minorities and underrepresented groups if such systems were integrated into real-world applications without careful fairness auditing. This paper proposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Mattia Setzu , Marta Marchiori Manerba , Pasquale Minervini , Debora Nozza

This paper explores the dynamics of learning in a multi-sector general equilibrium model where firms operate under incomplete information about their production returns to scale. Firms iteratively update their beliefs using maximum…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Stefano Nasini , Rabia Nessah , Bertrand Wigniolle

Information theory provides a mathematical foundation to measure uncertainty in belief. Belief is represented by a probability distribution that captures our understanding of an outcome's plausibility. Information measures based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Jed A. Duersch , Thomas A. Catanach

The modeling of complex systems such as ecological or socio-economic systems can be very challenging. Although various modeling approaches exist, they are generally not compatible and mutually consistent, and empirical data often do not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-07-19 Dirk Helbing

Diversification represents the idea of choosing variety over uniformity. Within the theory of choice, desirability of diversification is axiomatized as preference for a convex combination of choices that are equivalently ranked. This…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2016-10-07 Enrico G. De Giorgi , Ola Mahmoud

This paper presents a plausible reasoning system to illustrate some broad issues in knowledge representation: dualities between different reasoning forms, the difficulty of unifying complementary reasoning styles, and the approximate nature…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Wray L. Buntine

We build simple computational models of belief dynamics within the framework of discrete-spin statistical physics models, and explore how suitable they are for understanding and predicting real-world belief change on both the individual and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-07-10 Mirta Galesic , Daniel L. Stein