Related papers: The chromosphere during solar flares
Understanding the relationship among different emission components plays an essential role in the study of particle acceleration and energy conversion in solar flares. In flares where gradual and impulsive emission components can be readily…
With the elementary energy release events introduced in a previous paper (Liu & Fletcher 2009) we model the chromospheric evaporation in flaring loops. The thick-target hard X-ray (HXR) emission produced by electrons escaping from the…
This paper is an attempt to understand the physical processes occurring in different layers of solar atmosphere during a solar flare. For a complete understanding of the flare we must analyze multi-wavelength datasets, as emission at…
The bulk of solar flare energy is deposited in the chromosphere. Flare ribbons and footpoints in the chromosphere therefore offer great diagnostic potential of flare energy release and transport processes. High quality observations from the…
In solar flares, energy is released impulsively and is partly converted into thermal energy of hot plasmas and kinetic energy of accelerated nonthermal particles. Despite numerous efforts, no consensus on quantifying this energy balance has…
During solar flares a large amount of electrons with energies greater than 20 keV is generated with a production rate of typically $10^{36}$ s$^{-1}$. A part of them is able to propagate along open magnetic field lines through the corona…
The solar corona, anomalously hot outer atmosphere of the Sun, is traditionally described by magnetohydrodynamic, fluid-like approach. Here we review some recent developments when, instead, a full kinetic description is used. It is shown…
Solar flares are driven by release of the free magnetic energy and its conversion to other forms of energy -- kinetic, thermal, and nonthermal. Quantification of partitions between these energy components and their evolution is needed to…
The transition region between the Sun's corona and chromosphere is important to the mass and energy transfer from the lower atmosphere to the corona; consequently, this region has been studied intensely with ultraviolet (UV) and extreme…
The coronal magnetic field is the prime driver behind many as-yet unsolved mysteries: solar eruptions, coronal heating, and the solar wind, to name a few. It is, however, still poorly observed and understood. We highlight key questions…
For the first time, we have used RHESSI's spatial and energy resolution to determine the combined chromospheric and coronal density profile of the flaring solar atmosphere in a statistical manner, using a dataset of 838 flares observable in…
The sites of chromospheric excitation during solar flares are marked by extended extreme ultraviolet ribbons and hard X-ray footpoints. The standard interpretation is that these are the result of heating and bremsstrahlung emission from…
Recently, a number of peculiar flares have been reported, which demonstrate significant non-thermal particle signatures with a low, if any, thermal emission, that implies close association of the observed emission with the primary energy…
We study the evolution of chromospheric line and continuum emission during the impulsive phase of the X-class SOL2014-09-10T17:45 solar flare. We extend previous analyses of this flare to multiple chromospheric lines of Fe I, Fe II, Mg II,…
The solar atmosphere is permeated by various types of waves that originate from subsurface convection. As these waves propagate upward, they encounter they encounter a steep decrease in the density of the medium, leading to their steepening…
Solar Coronal Heating is a Nonlinear Quantum Mechanical Phenomenon. Corona is a powerful source of X-rays and ionisations & emissions of such radiations are quantum mechanical and levels are highly unstable to order of femto-seconds. A…
In the standard model of solar flares, energy deposition by a beam of electrons drives strong chromospheric evaporation leading to a significantly denser corona and much brighter emission across the spectrum. Chromospheric evaporation was…
Solar flares are known to be prolific electron accelerators, yet identifying the mechanism(s) for such efficient electron acceleration in solar flare (and similar astrophysical settings) presents a major challenge. This is due in part to a…
Coronal waves, significant solar phenomena, act as diagnostic tools for scientists studying solar atmosphere properties. Here, we present a novel observation detailing how a coronal wave event, associated with an X5.0 class flare,…
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections are the largest energy release phenomena in the current solar system. They cause drastic enhancements of electromagnetic waves of various wavelengths and sometimes eject coronal material into the…