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In the framework of the classical Glauber approach the exact analytical expression for the variance of the number of participants (wounded nucleons) for given centrality AA interactions is presented. It's shown, that in the case of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 V. V. Vechernin

We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-02-24 STAR Collaboration , M. S. Abdallah , B. E. Aboona , J. Adam , L. Adamczyk , J. R. Adams , J. K. Adkins , I. Aggarwal , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , D. M. Anderson , E. C. Aschenauer , J. Atchison , V. Bairathi , W. Baker , J. G. Ball Cap , K. Barish , R. Bellwied , P. Bhagat , A. Bhasin , S. Bhatta , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , J. D. Brandenburg , X. Z. Cai , H. Caines , M. Calderón~de~la~Barca~Sánchez , D. Cebra , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , B. K. Chan , Z. Chang , A. Chatterjee , D. Chen , J. Chen , J. H. Chen , X. Chen , Z. Chen , J. Cheng , Y. Cheng , S. Choudhury , W. Christie , X. Chu , H. J. Crawford , M. Csanád , M. Daugherity , I. M. Deppner , A. Dhamija , L. Di Carlo , L. Didenko , P. Dixit , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , E. Duckworth , J. C. Dunlop , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , S. Esumi , O. Evdokimov , A. Ewigleben , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , F. M. Fawzi , S. Fazio , C. J. Feng , Y. Feng , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , A. Francisco , C. Fu , C. A. Gagliardi , T. Galatyuk , F. Geurts , N. Ghimire , A. Gibson , K. Gopal , X. Gou , D. Grosnick , A. Gupta , W. Guryn , A. Hamed , Y. Han , S. Harabasz , M. D. Harasty , J. W. Harris , H. Harrison , S. He , W. He , X. H. He , Y. He , S. Heppelmann , N. Herrmann , E. Hoffman , L. Holub , C. Hu , Q. Hu , Y. Hu , H. Huang , H. Z. Huang , S. L. Huang , T. Huang , X. Huang , Y. Huang , T. J. Humanic , D. Isenhower , M. Isshiki , W. W. Jacobs , C. Jena , A. Jentsch , Y. Ji , J. Jia , K. Jiang , C. Jin , X. Ju , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , M. L. Kabir , S. Kagamaster , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , D. Kapukchyan , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , M. Kelsey , Y. V. Khyzhniak , D. P. Kikoła , B. Kimelman , D. Kincses , I. Kisel , A. Kiselev , A. G. Knospe , H. S. Ko , L. K. Kosarzewski , L. Kramarik , L. Kumar , S. Kumar , R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli , J. H. Kwasizur , R. Lacey , S. Lan , J. M. Landgraf , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , J. H. Lee , Y. H. Leung , N. Lewis , C. Li , C. Li , W. Li , W. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , Y. Li , Z. Li , X. Liang , Y. Liang , R. Licenik , T. Lin , Y. Lin , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , H. Liu , H. Liu , T. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , R. S. Longacre , E. Loyd , T. Lu , N. S. Lukow , X. F. Luo , L. Ma , R. Ma , Y. G. Ma , N. Magdy , D. Mallick , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , J. A. Mazer , G. McNamara , S. Mioduszewski , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , I. Mooney , A. Mukherjee , M. I. Nagy , A. S. Nain , J. D. Nam , Md. Nasim , K. Nayak , D. Neff , J. M. Nelson , D. B. Nemes , M. Nie , T. Niida , R. Nishitani , T. Nonaka , A. S. Nunes , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , S. Oh , K. Okubo , B. S. Page , R. Pak , J. Pan , A. Pandav , A. K. Pandey , T. Pani , A. Paul , B. Pawlik , D. Pawlowska , C. Perkins , J. Pluta , B. R. Pokhrel , J. Porter , M. Posik , T. Protzman , V. Prozorova , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , J. Putschke , Z. Qin , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , C. Racz , S. K. Radhakrishnan , N. Raha , R. L. Ray , R. Reed , H. G. Ritter , M. Robotkova , J. L. Romero , D. Roy , P. Roy Chowdhury , L. Ruan , A. K. Sahoo , N. R. Sahoo , H. Sako , S. Salur , S. Sato , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , F-J. Seck , J. Seger , R. Seto , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , T. Shao , R. Sharma , A. I. Sheikh , D. Y. Shen , K. Shen , S. S. Shi , Y. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. Sikora , J. Singh , S. Singha , P. Sinha , M. J. Skoby , N. Smirnov , Y. Söhngen , W. Solyst , Y. Song , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , M. Stefaniak , D. J. Stewart , B. Stringfellow , A. A. P. Suaide , M. Sumbera , C. Sun , X. M. Sun , X. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. Sun , B. Surrow , Z. W. Sweger , P. Szymanski , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , T. Tarnowsky , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , T. Todoroki , C. A. Tomkiel , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , T. Truhlar , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , C. Y. Tsang , Z. Tu , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , J. Vanek , I. Vassiliev , V. Verkest , F. Videbæk , S. A. Voloshin , F. Wang , G. Wang , J. S. Wang , P. Wang , X. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Z. Wang , J. C. Webb , P. C. Weidenkaff , G. D. Westfall , D. Wielanek , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , J. Wu , J. Wu , X. Wu , Y. Wu , B. Xi , Z. G. Xiao , G. Xie , W. Xie , H. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. Xu , Z. Xu , Z. Xu , G. Yan , Z. Yan , C. Yang , Q. Yang , S. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Ye , Z. Ye , L. Yi , K. Yip , Y. Yu , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , C. Zhang , D. Zhang , J. Zhang , S. Zhang , S. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. J. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Zhang , F. Zhao , J. Zhao , M. Zhao , C. Zhou , J. Zhou , Y. Zhou , X. Zhu , M. Zurek , M. Zyzak

Event-by-event fluctuations of the charged particle multiplicity are studied for a wide range of centralities for Au$-$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV using the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-05 Pritindra Bhowmick , Sadhana Dash , Basanta Nandi , Claude Pruneau

Event-by-event transverse momentum correlations are sensitive to the equation of state of strongly interacting matter and are expected to exhibit anomalous fluctuations in the vicinity of the QCD critical point. We report the first…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-04-09 STAR Collaboration

Event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations ($\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$) serve as a sensitive probe of initial state overlap geometry and energy density fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present a systematic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-14 Liuyao Zhang , Jinhui Chen , Chunjian Zhang

Event-by-event particle ratio fluctuations for simulated data sets of three different models named UrQMD, AMPT, and Pythia are studied using the fluctuation variable $\nu_{dyn}$. The simulated data sets produced in $pp$ collisions at four…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-01 Subhadeep Paul , Tumpa Biswas , Dipak Ghosh , Mehedi Kalam , Prabir Kr. Halder

Enhanced fluctuations and correlations have been observed in the phase transitions of many systems. Their appearance at the predicted QCD phase transition (especially near the expected critical point) may provide insight into the nature of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-03-17 Terence J Tarnowsky

Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, we study event-by-event fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in participant nucleon as well as thermal models. The calculated physical observables, including…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Baym , H. Heiselberg

Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-12-01 SHINE Collaboration , A. Aduszkiewicz , Y. Ali , E. Andronov , T. Anticic , N. Antoniou , B. Baatar , F. Bay , A. Blondel , J. Blumer , M. Bogomilov , A. Bravar , J. Brzychczyk , S. A. Bunyatov , O. Busygina , P. Christakoglou , M. Cirkovic , T. Czopowicz , N. Davis , S. Debieux , H. Dembinski , M. Deveaux , F. Diakonos , S. Di Luise , W. Dominik , J. Dumarchez , K. Dynowski , R. Engel , A. Ereditato , G. A. Feofilov , Z. Fodor , A. Garibov , M. Gazdzicki , M. Golubeva , K. Grebieszkow , A. Grzeszczuk , F. Guber , A. Haesler , T. Hasegawa , A. Herve , M. Hierholzer , S. Igolkin , A. Ivashkin , K. Kadija , A. Kapoyannis , E. Kaptur , J. Kisiel , T. Kobayashi , V. I. Kolesnikov , D. Kolev , V. P. Kondratiev , A. Korzenev , K. Kowalik , S. Kowalski , M. Koziel , A. Krasnoperov , M. Kuich , A. Kurepin , D. Larsen , A. Laszlo , M. Lewicki , V. V. Lyubushkin , M. Mackowiak-Pawlowska , B. Maksiak , A. I. Malakhov , D. Manic , A. Marcinek , K. Marton , H. -J. Mathes , T. Matulewicz , V. Matveev , G. L. Melkumov , S. Morozov , S. Mrowczynski , T. Nakadaira , M. Naskret , M. Nirkko , K. Nishikawa , A. D. Panagiotou , M. Pavin , O. Petukhov , C. Pistillo , R. Planeta , B. A. Popov , M. Posiadala , S. Pulawski , J. Puzovic , W. Rauch , M. Ravonel , A. Redij , R. Renfordt , E. Richter-Was , A. Robert , D. Rohrich , E. Rondio , M. Roth , A. Rubbia , A. Rustamov , M. Rybczynski , A. Sadovsky , K. Sakashita , R. Sarnecki , K. Schmidt , T. Sekiguchi , A. Seryakov , P. Seyboth , D. Sgalaberna , M. Shibata , M. Slodkowski , P. Staszel , G. Stefanek , J. Stepaniak , H. Strobele , T. Susa , M. Szuba , M. Tada , A. Tefelska , D. Tefelski , V. Tereshchenko , R. Tsenov , L. Turko , R. Ulrich , M. Unger , M. Vassiliou , D. Veberic , V. V. Vechernin , G. Vesztergombi , L. Vinogradov , A. Wilczek , Z. Wlodarczyk , A. Wojtaszek-Szwarc , O. Wyszynski , L. Zambelli

A great deal of recent data on event-by-event fluctuation and correlation measurements has been released by several experiments at the SPS and RHIC. Recent results on charge fluctuations, balance functions in pseudorapidity, and average…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-10 Jeffery T. Mitchell

We generalize and extend the recently proposed method to account for contributions of system size (or volume/participant) fluctuations to the experimentally measured moments of particle multiplicity distributions. We find that in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-03-07 Romain Holzmann , Volker Koch , Anar Rustamov , Joachim Stroth

We report measurements for the balance function, transverse momentum fluctuations, and net charge fluctuations from Au+Au collisions at 20, 130, and 200 GeV as well as p+p and d+Au collisions at 200 GeV using STAR at RHIC. For Au+Au…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-10 Gary D. Westfall

Event-by-event fluctuations in the multiplicities of charged particles and photons, and the total transverse energy in 158$\cdot A$ GeV Pb+Pb collisions are studied for a wide range of centralities. For narrow centrality bins the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-07-18 M. M. Aggarwal

Multiplicity fluctuations in the forward hemisphere were studied for positively, negatively and all charged hadrons produced in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A and 158A GeV. The multiplicity distributions and their scaled…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 Benjamin Lungwitz

We review recent results of net-proton multiplicity fluctuations from STAR experiment, aiming to locate the QCD critical point in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC. We show net-proton number cumulant and proton number factorial…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-04-15 Yu Zhang , Zhaohui Wang , Xiaofeng Luo , Nu Xu

We study within the IP-Glasma and two-component MC-Glauber models the effects of initial state geometry and fluctuations on multiplicities and eccentricities for several collision species at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). These…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-03-11 Bjoern Schenke , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

We have developed a relativistic kinetic transport approach that incorporates initial state fluctuations allowing to study the build up of elliptic flow $v_2$ and high order harmonics $v_3$, $v_4$ and $v_5$ for a fluid at fixed $\eta/s(T)$.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-23 Salvatore Plumari , Giovanni Luca Guardo , Francesco Scardina , Vincenzo Greco

A search for the critical behavior of strongly interacting matter was performed at the NA61/SHINE experiment by studying event-by-event fluctuations of multiplicity and transverse momentum of charged hadrons produced in inelastic p+p…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-05-02 Daria Prokhorova

Results are presented on event-by-event fluctuations of transverse momenta $p_T$ in central Pb+Pb interactions at 20$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 80$A$, and 158$A$ GeV. The analysis was performed for charged particles at forward center-of-mass…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-05-29 The NA49 Collaboration

The PHENIX Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has conducted a survey of fluctuations in charged hadron multiplicity in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 22, 62, and 200 GeV. A universal power law scaling for…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 J. T. Mitchell
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