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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enhances the reasoning of large language models (LLMs) by decomposing problems into sequential steps, mimicking human logic and reducing errors. However, complex tasks with vast solution spaces and vague…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Chenghao Li , Chaoning Zhang , Yi Lu , Jiaquan Zhang , Qigan Sun , Xudong Wang , Jiwei Wei , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Artificial Intelligence problems, ranging form planning/scheduling up to game control, include an essential crucial step: describing a model which accurately defines the problem's required data, requirements, allowed transitions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Andrei Arusoaie , Ionut Pistol

We introduce a flexible class of well-quasi-orderings (WQOs) on words that generalizes the ordering of (not necessarily contiguous) subwords. Each such WQO induces a class of piecewise testable languages (PTLs) as Boolean combinations of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Georg Zetzsche

Recent developments have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage in complex reasoning tasks through deep thinking. However, the capacity of reasoning has not been successfully transferred to non-high-resource languages due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rui Qi , Zhibo Man , Yufeng Chen , Fengran Mo , Jinan Xu , Kaiyu Huang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a common technique for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extended reasoning is often unnecessary and substantially increases token usage. As such, a key question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Samuel Lewis-Lim , Xingwei Tan , Zhixue Zhao , Nikolaos Aletras

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with complex, long-horizon reasoning due to instability caused by their frozen policy assumption. Current test-time scaling methods treat execution feedback merely as an external signal for filtering or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhengbo Jiao , Hongyu Xian , Qinglong Wang , Yunpu Ma , Zhebo Wang , Zifan Zhang , Dezhang Kong , Meng Han

This work introduces Symbolic-Aided Chain-of-Thought (CoT), an improved approach to standard CoT, for logical reasoning in large language models (LLMs). The key idea is to integrate lightweight symbolic representations into few-shot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Phuong Minh Nguyen , Tien Huu Dang , Naoya Inoue

In this paper we present a portfolio LTL-satisfiability solver, called Polsat. To achieve fast satisfiability checking for LTL formulas, the tool integrates four representative LTL solvers: pltl, TRP++, NuSMV, and Aalta. The idea of Polsat…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-08 Jianwen Li , Geguang Pu , Lijun Zhang , Yinbo Yao , Moshe Y. Vardi , Jifeng he

Temporal logic is a very powerful formalism deeply investigated and used in formal system design and verification. Its application usually reduces to solving specific decision problems such as model checking and satisfiability. In these…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-09-15 Gaëlle Fontaine , Fabio Mogavero , Aniello Murano , Giuseppe Perelli , Loredana Sorrentino

Formal techniques have been shown to be useful in the development of correct software. But the level of expertise required of practitioners of these techniques prohibits their widespread adoption. Formal techniques need to be tailored to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 William Heaven , Alessandra Russo

On the one hand, Constraint Satisfaction Problems allow one to declaratively model problems. On the other hand, propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) solvers can handle huge SAT instances. We thus present a technique to declaratively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Frédéric Lardeux , Eric Monfroy , Broderick Crawford , Ricardo Soto

This paper describes an interactive tool that facilitates following define-use chains in large codes. The motivation for the work is to support relative debugging, where it is necessary to iteratively refine a set of asser-tions between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Aaron Searle , John Gough , David Abramson

Temporal logic is an important tool for specifying complex behaviors of systems. It can be used to define properties for verification and monitoring, as well as goals for synthesis tools, allowing users to specify rich missions and tasks.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Gustavo A. Cardona , Kevin Leahy , Makai Mann , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques have significantly enhanced reasoning in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Extending this paradigm, Visual CoT integrates explicit visual edits, such as cropping or annotating regions of interest, into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chunxue Xu , Yiwei Wang , Yujun Cai , Bryan Hooi , Songze Li

Chain-of-thought (CoT) monitoring has been proposed as a promising safety mechanism for detecting misaligned behavior in large language models. However, its reliability remains largely unexplored beyond English and across diverse model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Eric Onyame , Runtao Zhou , Kowshik Thopalli , Bhavya Kailkhura , Chirag Agarwal

This paper proposes a novel prompting approach, Judgment of Thought (JoT), specifically tailored for binary logical reasoning tasks. Despite advances in prompt engineering, existing approaches still face limitations in handling complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Sungjune Park , Heehwan Kim , Haehyun Cho , Daeseon Choi

Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) with Chain-of-thought (CoT) have recently emerged as a powerful technique for eliciting reasoning to improve various downstream tasks. As most research mainly focuses on English, with few explorations in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Huiyuan Lai , Malvina Nissim

Large language models (LLMs) are often constrained by rigid reasoning processes, limiting their ability to generate creative and diverse responses. To address this, a novel framework called LADDER is proposed, combining Chain-of-Thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xintong Tang , Meiru Zhang , Shang Xiao , Junzhao Jin , Zihan Zhao , Liwei Li , Yang Zheng , Bangyi Wu

Assurance cases can be used to argue for the safety of products in safety engineering. In safety-critical areas, the construction of assurance cases is indispensable. Trustworthiness Derivation Trees (TDTs) enhance assurance cases by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Zezhong Chen , Yuxin Deng , Wenjie Du