Related papers: Square Partitions and Catalan Numbers
A quantum Latin square of order $n$ (denoted as QLS$(n)$) is an $n\times n$ array whose entries are unit column vectors from the $n$-dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_n$, such that each row and column forms an orthonormal basis. Two…
The number partitioning problem consists of partitioning a sequence of positive numbers ${a_1,a_2,..., a_N}$ into two disjoint sets, ${\cal A}$ and ${\cal B}$, such that the absolute value of the difference of the sums of $a_j$ over the two…
We describe an algorithm for using a quantum computer to calculate mean values of observables and the partition function of a quantum system. Our algorithm includes two sub-algorithms. The first sub-algorithm is for calculating, with…
We give some new formulas about factorizations of $K$-$k$-Schur functions $g^{(k)}_{\lambda}$, analogous to the $k$-rectangle factorization formula $s^{(k)}_{R_t\cup\lambda}=s^{(k)}_{R_t}s^{(k)}_{\lambda}$ of $k$-Schur functions, where…
For each partition of a data set into a given number of parts there is a partition such that every part is as much as possible a good model (an "algorithmic sufficient statistic") for the data in that part. Since this can be done for every…
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we study the number of partitions of a positive integer $m$ into at most $n$ parts in a given set $A$. We prove that such a number is bounded by the $n$-th Fibonacci number $F(n)$ for any $m$ and…
Conjectures involving infinite families of restricted partition congruences can be difficult to verify for a number of individual cases, even with a computer. We demonstrate how the machinery of Radu's algorithm may be modified and employed…
We define new generalizations of (q,t)-Catalan numbers applying nabla operator on k-Schur functions indexed by column partitions. In some special cases, we give a combinatorial interpretation of these numbers using configurations of Dyck…
We introduce several classes of quantum combinatorial designs, namely quantum Latin squares, cubes, hypercubes and a notion of orthogonality between them. A further introduced notion, quantum orthogonal arrays, generalizes all previous…
We investigate the divisibility properties of \sigma(C_n), the sum-of-divisors function applied to Catalan numbers, in relation to other number-theoretic functions. We establish conditions under which C_n has prime factors of the form 6k-1,…
We define an algorithm k which takes a connected graph G on a totally ordered vertex set and returns an increasing tree R (which is not necessarily a subtree of G). We characterize the set of graphs G such that k(G)=R. Because this set has…
Let $\ell>0$ be a square-free integer congruent to 3 mod 4 and $\O_K$ the ring of integers of the imaginary quadratic field $K=Q(\sqrt{-\ell})$. Codes $C$ over rings $\O_K / p \O_K$ determine lattices $\Lambda_\ell (C) $ over $K$. If $ p…
Fast exact algorithms are known for Hamiltonian paths in undirected and directed bipartite graphs through elegant though involved algorithms that are quite different from each other. We devise algorithms that are simple and similar to each…
We consider the basic problem of learning an unknown partition of $n$ elements into at most $k$ sets using simple queries that reveal information about a small subset of elements. Our starting point is the well-studied pairwise same-set…
The set of all error-correcting codes C over a fixed finite alphabet F of cardinality q determines the set of code points in the unit square with coordinates (R(C), delta (C)):= (relative transmission rate, relative minimal distance). The…
Let G=(V,E) be an undirected graph, lambda_k be the k-th smallest eigenvalue of the normalized laplacian matrix of G. There is a basic fact in algebraic graph theory that lambda_k > 0 if and only if G has at most k-1 connected components.…
We show that the Schubert polynomial S_w specializes to the Catalan number C_n when $w=1(n+1)...2$. Several proofs of this result as well as a q-analog are given. An application to the singularities of Schubert varieties is given.
The number of standard Young tableaux possible of shape corresponding to a partition $\lambda$ is called the dimension of the partition and is denoted by $f^{\lambda}$. Partitions with odd dimensions were enumerated by McKay and were…
Let $W^c(A_n)$ be the set of fully commutative elements in the $A_n$-type Coxeter group. Using only the settings of their canonical form, we recount $W^c(A_n)$ by the recurrence that is taken as a definition of the Catalan number $C_{n+1}$…
Two $n \times n$ Latin squares $L_1, L_2$ are said to be orthogonal if, for every ordered pair $(x,y)$ of symbols, there are coordinates $(i,j)$ such that $L_1(i,j) = x$ and $L_2(i,j) = y$. A $k$-MOLS is a sequence of $k$…