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Despite exceptional predictive performance of Deep sequence models (DSMs), the main concern of their deployment centers around the lack of uncertainty awareness. In contrast, probabilistic models quantify the uncertainty associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenlong Chen

We formulate, and present a numerical method for solving, an inverse problem for inferring parameters of a deterministic model from stochastic observational data (quantities of interest). The solution, given as a probability measure, is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-04 T. Butler , J. D. Jakeman , T. Wildey

We study the stochastic convergence of the Ces\`{a}ro mean of a sequence of random variables. These arise naturally in statistical problems that have a sequential component, where the sequence of random variables is typically derived from a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Aurélien F. Bibaut , Alex Luedtke , Mark J. van der Laan

Conformal prediction, and split conformal prediction as a specific implementation, offer a distribution-free approach to estimating prediction intervals with statistical guarantees. Recent work has shown that split conformal prediction can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-01 Nicolas Dewolf , Bernard De Baets , Willem Waegeman

Conformal prediction builds marginally valid prediction intervals that cover the unknown outcome of a randomly drawn test point with a prescribed probability. However, in practice, data-driven methods are often used to identify specific…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-21 Ying Jin , Zhimei Ren

Probabilistic conditioning is concerned with the identification of a distribution of a random variable $X$ given a random variable $Y$. It is a cornerstone of scientific and engineering applications where modeling uncertainty is key. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Panos Tsimpos , Edoardo Calvello , Ayoub Belhadji , Nicholas H. Nelsen

In this paper we study a general family of multivariable Gaussian stochastic processes. Each process is prescribed by a fixed Borel measure $\sigma$ on $\mathbb R^n$. The case when $\sigma$ is assumed absolutely continuous with respect to…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-09-27 Daniel Alpay , Palle Jorgensen

When causal quantities cannot be point identified, researchers often pursue partial identification to quantify the range of possible values. However, the peculiarities of applied research conditions can make this analytically intractable.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-29 Guilherme Duarte , Noam Finkelstein , Dean Knox , Jonathan Mummolo , Ilya Shpitser

Causal inference from observational data following the restricted structural causal models (SCM) framework hinges largely on the asymmetry between cause and effect from the data generating mechanisms, such as non-Gaussianity or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Kang Du , Yu Xiang

This work extends causal inference with stochastic confounders. We propose a new approach to variational estimation for causal inference based on a representer theorem with a random input space. We estimate causal effects involving latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-26 Thanh Vinh Vo , Pengfei Wei , Wicher Bergsma , Tze-Yun Leong

Discovering statistically significant patterns from databases is an important challenging problem. The main obstacle of this problem is in the difficulty of taking into account the selection bias, i.e., the bias arising from the fact that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-03-10 Shinya Suzumura , Kazuya Nakagawa , Mahito Sugiyama , Koji Tsuda , Ichiro Takeuchi

We consider a class of piecewise-deterministic Markov processes where the state evolves according to a linear dynamical system. This continuous time evolution is interspersed by discrete events that occur at random times and change (reset)…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Mohammad Soltani , Abhyudai Singh

Opacity is a generic security property, that has been defined on (non probabilistic) transition systems and later on Markov chains with labels. For a secret predicate, given as a subset of runs, and a function describing the view of an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Béatrice Bérard , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Nathalie Sznajder

This book is devoted to the problem of sequential probability forecasting, that is, predicting the probabilities of the next outcome of a growing sequence of observations given the past. This problem is considered in a very general setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Daniil Ryabko

The subject of this paper is the elucidation of effects of actions from causal assumptions represented as a directed graph, and statistical knowledge given as a probability distribution. In particular, we are interested in predicting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Ilya Shpitser , Judea Pearl

There is a growing concern about typically opaque decision-making with high-performance machine learning algorithms. Providing an explanation of the reasoning process in domain-specific terms can be crucial for adoption in risk-sensitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Aditya Chattopadhyay , Stewart Slocum , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Rene Vidal , Donald Geman

Prediction models are used amongst others to inform medical decisions on interventions. Typically, individuals with high risks of adverse outcomes are advised to undergo an intervention while those at low risk are advised to refrain from…

Causal inference from observational data following the restricted structural causal model (SCM) framework hinges largely on the asymmetry between cause and effect from the data generating mechanisms, such as non-Gaussianity or nonlinearity.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-06 Kang Du , Yu Xiang

We study system design problems stated as parameterized stochastic programs with a chance-constraint set. We adopt a Bayesian approach that requires the computation of a posterior predictive integral which is usually intractable. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-07 Prateek Jaiswal , Harsha Honnappa , Vinayak A. Rao

Three distinct phenomena complicate statistical causal analysis: latent common causes, causal cycles, and latent selection. Foundational works on Structural Causal Models (SCMs), e.g., Bongers et al. (2021, Ann. Stat., 49(5): 2885-2915),…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-23 Leihao Chen , Onno Zoeter , Joris M. Mooij